Source: News on Air
Context: Justice V. Ramasubramanian, former Supreme Court judge, has been appointed as the new Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) by President.
About National Human Rights Commission (NHRC):
- Established:
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- Formed on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA).
- Created in accordance with the Paris Principles, 1991, endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 1993.
- Statutory: Statutory body established by the PHRA Act, 1993.
- Aim:
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- To promote and protect human rights as defined under Section 2(1)(d) of PHRA, including rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity guaranteed by the Constitution.
- Composition:
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- Chairperson: A former Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge.
- Members:
- One former or sitting Supreme Court judge.
- One former or sitting Chief Justice of a High Court.
- Three members, at least one woman, with experience in human rights matters.
- Ex-Officio Members: Chairpersons of various National Commissions (e.g., SC/ST, Women, Minorities, etc.) and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities.
- Functions and Powers:
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- Inquiry into Human Rights Violations: By public servants or negligence thereof.
- Recommendations: On protection, promotion, and effective implementation of human rights.
- Review of Laws: Assess treaties and international instruments for human rights.
- Research and Awareness: Promote research, publications, and awareness of human rights safeguards.
- Visit Institutions: Inspect jails and other places of detention.
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