Source: TOI
Context: The Cirus reactor, operational since 1960, was pivotal in India’s nuclear program, driving scientific innovation and enabling the 1974 “Smiling Buddha” nuclear test.
About Cirus Reactor:
| Aspect | Details |
| What it is | A 40 MW thermal neutron research reactor. |
| Built In | Achieved criticality on July 10, 1960. |
| Built By | Constructed with Canadian assistance under Canada-India Reactor Utility Services (CIRUS). |
| Features | |
| Reactor Type | Vertical tank type / Thermal reactor. |
| Fuel Material | Natural uranium metal. |
| Moderator | Heavy water. |
| Coolant | Light water. |
| Maximum Power | 40 MW thermal. |
Uses of Cirus Reactor:
- Isotope Production: Supplied isotopes for medicine, agriculture, and industry.
- Neutron Beam Research: Advanced condensed matter studies.
- Reactor R&D: Helped develop Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) systems.
- Training: Platform for training engineers and scientists.
- Fuel Development: Testing and innovation in fuel assemblies.
- Neutron Activation Analysis: Used for material analysis and research.
Pakistan’s Attempt:
- Initial Effort: Munir Ahmed Khan initiated the replication of the Cirus reactor after visiting Trombay in 1964.
- Leadership: A secret team led by Sardar Ali Khan aimed to replicate Cirus’s design for Pakistan’s indigenous nuclear program.
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