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General Studies – 1
Topic: Changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: IE
Why the question
Climate change significantly impacts India’s agriculture, necessitating a shift in farming practices and adaptive strategies to ensure food security and sustainability.
Key Demand of the question
Examine the impact of climate change-induced variations in temperature and precipitation patterns on Indian agriculture, analyze how these changes are reshaping agricultural practices, and highlight adaptive strategies to address these challenges.
Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Introduce the critical impact of climate change on India’s agriculture, focusing on how altered climatic patterns pose risks to productivity and sustainability.Body
- Climate change-induced variations: Discuss how rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme weather events are affecting crops and ecosystems.
- Reshaping agricultural practices: Highlight changes like crop pattern shifts, advanced irrigation methods, and integrated farming systems to adapt to climatic changes.
- Adaptive strategies: Suggest solutions such as climate-resilient seeds, efficient water management, and use of technology for weather-based advisories.
Conclusion
Conclude by emphasizing the need for integrating modern technology with traditional knowledge and proactive policies to build a resilient agricultural system against climate change.
Topic: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
The increasing reliance on waste-to-energy (WtE) plants in urban areas to tackle waste management challenges and their associated environmental and health implications, particularly in metropolitan cities.
Key Demand of the question
Analyze the dual role of WtE plants in managing urban waste effectively and their contribution to air pollution, while suggesting measures to balance sustainability and public health.
Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Briefly introduce the concept of WtE plants as a solution to urban waste management while highlighting the concerns of air pollution and environmental impacts.Body
- Role in waste management: Discuss how WtE plants help reduce waste volume, generate energy, and mitigate landfill emissions.
- Implications for air pollution: Highlight issues such as toxic emissions, lack of compliance with ecological norms, and impact on marginalized communities.
Conclusion
Suggest a solution-oriented approach emphasizing technological upgrades, stricter regulations, and public awareness to make WtE plants more sustainable and environmentally friendly.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
The Union Government, notified the Telecommunications (Procedures and Safeguards for Lawful Interception of Messages) Rules, 2024 which empower some enforcement and security agencies to intercept phone messages under certain conditions.
Key Demand of the question
Analyze the major provisions of the Telecommunications Rules, 2024, and critically assess their implications for individual privacy and governance, while suggesting measures to address concerns.
Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Briefly introduce the 2024 rules as a replacement of the 1951 framework, emphasizing their significance in balancing national security and privacy in the digital age.Body
- Major provisions: Outline the key features like authorization, conditions for interception, destruction of records, and agency powers.
- Privacy implications: Discuss challenges related to relaxed safeguards, misuse risks, and conflict with judicial precedents and constitutional rights.
- Governance implications: Highlight issues like centralization of powers, lack of independent oversight, and the operational efficiency vs accountability debate.
- Way forward– What measures can be taken to make it more effective without compromising accountability.
Conclusion
Conclude with a futuristic note on balancing national security and privacy through judicial oversight, independent review mechanisms, and enhanced accountability measures.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
India and Kuwait signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on defence cooperation that will allow for exchange of defence personnel, joint exercises, and supply of military equipment.
Key demand of the question
Critically analyze the potential benefits and constraints of the India-Kuwait Strategic Partnership, addressing specific areas such as defence, trade, energy, and geopolitical dynamics.
Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Highlight the importance of the India-Kuwait Strategic Partnership in the context of India’s Gulf diplomacy and energy security needs.Body
- Opportunities: Discuss areas like defence collaboration, energy cooperation, and economic investments. Mention Kuwait’s role in trade diversification and renewable energy potential.
- Challenges: Highlight issues such as geopolitical instability, labour concerns, economic vulnerabilities, and competition from global players.
Conclusion
Conclude by emphasizing the mutual benefits of the partnership and its role in regional stability, projecting a futuristic and solution-oriented approach.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Animal Conservation Project- Project Tiger
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: InsightsIAS
Why the question
The significance of Project Tiger in conserving biodiversity and the associated challenges, reflecting the importance of sustainable wildlife management in environmental governance.Key Demand of the Question
The question requires an analysis of the achievements of Project Tiger in increasing tiger populations and the challenges it faces in the context of habitat conservation, human-wildlife conflict, and resource constraints.Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Provide a brief overview of Project Tiger, emphasizing its importance in wildlife conservation and its status as a flagship initiative for tiger protection.Body
- Achievements: Highlight recent successes in tiger population growth, reserve expansion, use of technology, and community involvement.
- Challenges: Discuss issues like poaching, habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, resource shortages, and the impacts of climate change.
Conclusion
Conclude with a solution-oriented approach, suggesting strategies like strengthening wildlife corridors, increasing community participation, and integrating climate-resilient conservation practices to ensure long-term success.
Topic: Biodiversity Conservation-Wildlife Sanctuary, National Parks
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: InsightsIAS
Why the question
The importance of protected areas in meeting global biodiversity targets, the challenges they face in India, and the need for actionable improvements in conservation policies.Key Demand of the Question
The question requires discussing the role of protected areas in achieving biodiversity goals, analyzing the challenges they face in the Indian context, and suggesting actionable and sustainable improvements.Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Start with a brief overview of the role of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and their relevance to global frameworks like the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.Body
- Significance of protected areas: Explain how they contribute to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and achieving global targets.
- Challenges in India: Highlight issues like habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, poaching, resource constraints, and climate change impacts.
- Suggested improvements: Discuss solutions such as landscape-based conservation, community participation, leveraging technology, increasing funding, and integrating climate resilience strategies.
Conclusion
End with a forward-looking statement emphasizing the need for a multi-stakeholder approach to strengthen protected areas and ensure their alignment with global biodiversity goals.Top of Form
General Studies – 4
Q7. What does the following quotation convey to you in the present context? (10 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Why the question
The importance of collective action and empathy in achieving justice, a key aspect of ethics and governance in a diverse society like India.Key Demand of the Question
The question demands an explanation of the meaning of the quote, its relevance to ethical governance, and its implications for individual and societal ethics in the present context.Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Begin with a concise explanation of the quote’s essence, focusing on the role of collective moral responsibility in ensuring justice.Body
- Meaning of the quote: Explain how justice depends on the active participation of all, including those unaffected by injustice, and its significance in fostering empathy and accountability.
- Relevance to ethical governance: Discuss the importance of institutions, leaders, and active citizenship in upholding justice and addressing injustices collectively.
- Implications for individual and societal ethics: Highlight how empathy, inclusivity, and speaking out against wrongs are critical for ensuring justice and social harmony.
Conclusion
Summarize by emphasizing that justice is a shared responsibility and a cornerstone of an equitable society, and suggest fostering a culture of active engagement and empathy.
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