Source: TH
Context: A study reveals hydroxymethanesulphonate, a secondary aerosol, forming in cold urban areas like Fairbanks, Alaska, reshaping understanding of aerosol chemistry in extreme conditions and its air quality impact.
About Hydroxymethanesulphonate:
- What it is: A secondary aerosol that forms from chemical reactions involving formaldehyde and sulphur dioxide in the presence of liquid water.
- How it is formed:
- Occurs when formaldehyde reacts with sulphite ions in aerosol particles.
- Requires liquid water within aerosol particles, even in extremely cold conditions (supercooled state).
- Factors favoring its formation:
- Low temperatures: Inhibit ammonium volatilization, reducing aerosol acidity.
- High ammonium ion concentrations: Neutralize acidity, enabling reactions.
- Supercooled liquid water: Present in aerosols at sub-zero temperatures.
- Impact on environment:
- Contributes to PM2.5 pollution, worsening air quality.
- Influences cloud formation and radiative properties, affecting climate.
- Impact on humans:
- Aggravates respiratory illnesses, lung diseases, and cardiovascular conditions.
- Long-term exposure increases risks of premature mortality in polluted regions.
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