UPSC Static Quiz – Modern India : 21 November 2024

Solution: a)

Only Statement 1 is correct.

Statement 1: Integral Yoga is a system of Yoga that synthesizes six branches of classical Yoga philosophy and practice: Hatha, Raja, Bhakti, Karma, Jnana, and Japa Yoga.

His main literary works are The Life Divine, which deals with theoretical aspects of Integral Yoga; Synthesis of Yoga, which deals with practical guidance to Integral Yoga; and Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol, an epic poem.

Statement 2: Sri Aurobindo argues that divine Brahman manifests as empirical reality through leela, or divine play.

Instead of positing that the world we experience is an illusion (maya), Sri Aurobindo argues that world can evolve and become a new world with new species, far above the human species just as human species have evolved after the animal species.

Statement 3: Sri Aurobindo believed that Darwinism merely describes a phenomenon of the evolution of matter into life, but does not explain the reason behind it, while he finds life to be already present in matter, because all of existence is a manifestation of Brahman.

He argues that nature (which he interpreted as divine) has evolved life out of matter and then mind out of life.

All of existence, he argues, is attempting to manifest to the level of the supermind – that evolution had a purpose.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 and 2 is correct.

• Surendranath Banerjee was called the Indian Burke. He firmly opposed the Partition of Bengal.
• He founded the Indian Association (1876) to agitate for political reforms. He had convened the Indian National Conference (1883) which merged with the Indian National Congress in 1886.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society to train Indians to dedicate their lives to the cause of the country.
• Dadabhai Naoroji was known as the Grand Old Man of India. He is regarded as India’s unofficial Ambassador in England. He was the first Indian to become a Member of the British House of Commons.

Solution: b)

In Dec 1905, Benaras session was presided over by Gokhale.

Extremists wanted to extend the boycott and swadeshi movement to regions outside bengal but moderates opposed it. Extremists wanted the people from all walks of life to participate in the movement eg. Lawyers, government employees, students, etc.

Solution: c)

Annulment of the partition was decided in 1911. Hence statement (1) is correct.

It was mainly done to curb the menace of the revolutionary terrorism. Hence statement (2) is correct.

Bihar and Orissa were taken out of Bengal and Assam was made a separate province. Hence statement (3) is incorrect.

Solution: c)

• The Second Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Gandhi on 12 March 1930 with his famous Dandi March.
• Gandhi and his followers made salt in violation of the salt laws. This act was a symbol of the Indian people’s refusal to live under British-made laws and therefore under British rule.
• The movement reached the extreme north-western corner of India and stirred the brave and hardy Pathans.
• Under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, popularly known as “the Frontier Gandhi”, the Pathans organised the society of Khudai Khidmatgars (or Servants of God), known popularly as Red Shirts. They were pledged to non-violence and the freedom struggle.