Topic: India’s Foreign Policy
Q4. “India’s foreign policy has transitioned from idealism to pragmatism over the decades”. Discuss (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: MEA
Why the Question
The question highlights the transition in India’s foreign policy from an idealistic, principle-based approach to a pragmatic, interest-driven strategy, which is critical in understanding India’s evolving role in global affairs.
Key Demand of the Question
Explain the initial idealistic foundations of India’s foreign policy, the reasons for its gradual shift towards pragmatism, and how this evolution impacts India’s current international strategy.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly introduce India’s foreign policy ideals post-independence and the guiding principles of non-alignment and peaceful coexistence.
Body:
- Phase 1 – Idealism: Outline the non-alignment era, emphasizing anti-colonialism and Nehruvian principles.
- Phase 2 – Pragmatic Shift: Explain the post-Cold War adjustments, 1991 economic reforms, and engagement with global powers.
- Phase 3 – Contemporary Pragmatism: Highlight current multi-alignment, strategic partnerships, and India’s pursuit of strategic autonomy.
Conclusion:
Conclude by emphasizing how pragmatism enhances India’s adaptability and resilience in a multipolar world.
