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General Studies – 1
Topic: Disaster management
Difficulty Level: Easy
Reefrence: InsightsIAS
Why the question
The question tests the candidate’s understanding of heat waves as a climatic phenomenon and India’s preparedness to manage and mitigate the impact of extreme heat events.Key Demand of the question
Define heat waves and explain their occurrence. Discuss measures to enhance preparedness.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly define what heat waves are and provide some context about their increasing frequency and intensity in India due to climate change.Body:
Definition and Causes of Heat Waves:
- Explain the meteorological definition of heat waves (criteria by IMD).
Measures to Enhance Preparedness:
- Discuss existing measures like the Heat Action Plans of Ahmedabad.
- Importance of educating people on preventive actions.
- Healthcare System Readiness: Improving medical response and cooling mechanisms in hospitals.
- Write about early warning systems and forecasting improvements.
Conclusion
Emphasize the importance of proactive and integrated approaches to managing heat waves in the face of climate change, with emphasis on a multi-stakeholder response.
Topic: Disaster Management
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: InsightIAS
Why the question
This question assesses the candidate’s understanding of India’s disaster management framework and its effectiveness in addressing climate-induced disasters, while emphasizing the need for improved preparedness and resilience.Key Demand of the question
Critically evaluate India’s disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies.Identify gaps in current approaches and suggest measures to improve disaster preparedness and resilience, at both national and local levels.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Provide a brief overview of the increasing frequency of climate-related disasters and highlight India’s vulnerability to such events.Body:
- Current Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction:
- Discuss India’s current DRR policies (NDMA, National Action Plan on Climate Change) and international frameworks like the Sendai Framework.
- Analyze strengths (early warning systems, NDRF) and weaknesses (implementation gaps, inadequate local resilience).
- Challenges in India’s DRR Strategy:
- Highlight issues like poor urban planning, lack of coordination between government agencies, and inadequate community participation.
- Suggestions for Improvement:
- National Level: Strengthen infrastructure, develop climate-resilient urban plans, and improve disaster forecasting.
- Local Level: Focus on community-based DRR, decentralized decision-making, and better local resource allocation.
Conclusion
The need for a holistic, multi-level approach that integrates technology, community participation, and policy reforms to enhance disaster preparedness and resilience in India.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
The question addresses a significant debate about whether the Election Commission should be empowered to regulate the internal functioning of political parties to ensure internal democracy, exploring its potential impact on the political system.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires discussing the benefits of the Election Commission enforcing internal democracy within parties, along with the challenges or limitations of such a mandate.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly explain the role of internal democracy in political parties for a healthy democratic system.
Body
- Potential Benefits:
- Can write discussing transparency, accountability, and the promotion of democratic values within parties.
- Could highlight how enforcing internal elections can reduce nepotism and centralization of power.
- Challenges:
- Mention constitutional and legal limitations.
- Could bring up concerns about political interference and the risk of undermining the autonomy of political parties.
- Discuss the practical difficulties in monitoring and regulating internal processes.
Conclusion
Suggest that reforms, if any, must be cautious and well-calibrated to avoid overreach while promoting greater accountability.
Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests.
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: IE
Why the question:
Based on the current ongoing conflict in the region-the question is asked to explore how India can utilize its diplomatic relationships to play a meaningful and constructive role
Key Demand of the question: The question requires analyzing how India can effectively leverage its diplomacy, considering the ongoing conflicts, and what role it can play to maintain stability and influence in West Asia.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly introduce India’s stakes in West Asia, including strategic, economic, and diaspora interests.
Body
- India’s Diplomatic Leverage:
- Can suggest mentioning India’s balanced relations with key players (e.g., Israel, Iran, Saudi Arabia) and how it can act as a bridge.
- Can highlight India’s ability to maintain neutrality and its use of soft power diplomacy.
- Mention India’s role in multilateral forums or peace negotiations.
- Challenges and Opportunities:
- Suggest discussing challenges such as regional complexities, energy dependencies, and security concerns.
- Can propose ways India can engage in back-channel diplomacy or mediation efforts.
Conclusion
Summarize how India, by leveraging its relationships and strategic interests, can contribute to regional stability while safeguarding its own interests.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
In four working papers prepared by the RBI’s Department of Economy & Policy Research, farmers are found to have earned far less share of the consumer rupee in the case of fruits, and essential vegetables.
Key Demand of the question
The question demands an examination of the reasons behind low farmer income and a discussion of comprehensive solutions to promote inclusive agricultural growth.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly define inclusive agricultural growth and explain how low farmer income undermines this goal.
Body
- Factors contributing to low farmer income:
- Mention market inefficiencies, low productivity, small landholdings.
- Highlight lack of access to technology, finance, and poor policy implementation.
- Comprehensive solutions:
- Suggest reforms like e-NAM, direct sales, and improving access to technology and credit.
- Propose cooperative farming models and better pricing mechanisms through stronger MSP policies.
Conclusion
Emphasize that addressing low farmer income is essential for achieving inclusive and sustainable agricultural growth in India.
Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: IE
Why the question
Google India’s Managing Director highlights AI’s potential to address India’s unique challenges at a population scale.
Key Demand of the question
The question demands a balanced discussion on the opportunities AI presents for achieving SDGs, and the challenges related to its adoption, deployment, and ethical use.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly introduce the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and India’s commitment to achieving them by 2030.
Body:
- Potential of AI for SDGs
- Elaborate on AI applications in sectors like agriculture, healthcare, education, and climate action, explaining how they can enhance outcomes.
- Give examples of AI already contributing to specific SDGs (e.g., precision farming, AI in healthcare diagnostics, smart energy management).
- Challenges
- Discuss challenges such as the digital divide, ethical concerns, data privacy, and lack of AI infrastructure.
- Highlight regulatory and policy-related obstacles that may impede AI deployment.
Conclusion
Emphasize the importance of balancing innovation with inclusivity and sustainability to achieve SDGs by 2030.
General Studies – 4
Given India’s strategic ties with the region, its long-standing policy of non-intervention, and the necessity of maintaining diplomatic neutrality, this situation presents significant challenges.
Adding complexity to the situation, international organizations are urging India to publicly denounce the violence and support global sanctions against the warring parties, which could jeopardize long-term diplomatic relations and economic interests. (20 M)
Q1.Who are the key stakeholders involved in this scenario?
Q2. What are the ethical dilemmas in balancing India’s diplomatic interests, humanitarian obligations, and strategic concerns?
Q3. How would you manage the evacuation of Indian citizens while maintaining India’s foreign policy of neutrality?
Q4. Should India take a public ethical stance against the violence despite potential harm to diplomatic and economic relations? Why or why not?
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: IE
Why the question
The question tests the ability to balance India’s diplomatic principles, the safety of its citizens, and ethical considerations in a high-pressure international crisis.Key Demand of the question
Identification of stakeholders. Exploration of ethical dilemmas and Proposal of an evacuation strategy. Decision on whether India should publicly condemn violence.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly outline the crisis situation in the Middle Eastern country, highlighting India’s strategic ties with the region, policy of non-intervention, and the threat to Indian citizens.Body
- Stakeholders involved: Mention the important stake holders i.e Indian government, Indian citizens abroad, warring regional powers, international organizations, Indian public, etc.
- Ethical dilemmas: Mention the important dilemmas-Balancing national interest and citizen safety, neutrality vs intervention, economic risks, humanitarian concerns, etc.
- Evacuation strategy: What Steps to be taken for safe evacuation while maintaining diplomatic neutrality, addressing citizen reluctance, using backchannel diplomacy.
- Public ethical stance: Need to analyse pros and cons of taking a stance, weighing long-term diplomatic costs against short-term humanitarian or ethical gains.
Conclusion
A balanced course of action, stressing the need to protect Indian citizens while upholding India’s non-interventionist policy, along with a possible solution-oriented statement.
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