Why are the majority of known Harappan settlements located in semi-arid areas with saline groundwater?

Topic: Ancient Indian History

Q1. Why are the majority of known Harappan settlements located in semi-arid areas with saline groundwater?10M

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Indian Express

Why the question:

In a departure from the past, the new NCERT textbook makes multiple references to the ‘Sarasvati’ river in the chapter pertaining to the beginning of Indian civilisation.

Key Demand of the question:

To analyze the factors that led to the concentration of Harappan settlements in semi-arid areas with saline groundwater and to discuss the implications of these environmental conditions on the Harappan civilization.

Structure of the Answer:

Introduction:

Briefly introduce the Harappan civilization and its geographical extent.

Body:

1. Firstly, mention the geographical and environmental extent of Harappan civilisation.
2. Next, mention the Factors Influencing Settlement Locations – Proximity to River Systems, Alluvial Soil Fertility, Climatic Stability, Strategic Location for Trade, Availability of Raw Materials etc.
3. Next briefly mention the implications of these environmental conditions on the Harappan civilization

Conclusion:

Conclude accordingly.