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General Studies – 1
Topic: Contributions of important personalities
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Indian express
Why the question:
Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence had a significant impact not only in India but also influenced civil rights movements globally, shaping strategies for achieving freedom and justice.
Key Demand of the question:
Evaluate the influence of Gandhi’s philosophy on global movements, highlighting its strengths and limitations.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Begin by summarising the role of mahatma Gandhi in Indian freedom struggle.
Body:
- Discuss how Gandhi’s philosophy of non- violence influenced the civil rights movements globally. Add examples to enrich your answer:
- Next write about how global leaders like Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King Jr, took inspiration from the Gandhian philosophy of Nonviolence and used it as tool to fight against injustice.
- Next write how Gandhian philosophy contributed towards global peace and independence movements worldwide.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarizing.
Topic: Women Empowerment
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights ias
Why the question:
The question is part of GS 1 static syllabus.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse the ways in which gender-based inequalities affect power relations within marriage and how this imbalance affects the relationship.
Directive word:
Analyze –When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Introduce the answer by mentioning patriarchal structures, social norms, and their impact on marital bonds.
Body:
- First list the ways in which social inequalities shapes power relation in marriage:
- Next list how economic inequalities impact the power relation:
- And finally list the consequences of this power imbalance within marriage:
Conclusion:
Conclude with need for concerted action and positive way forward to realise the goal of equitable and just society.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Governance: Criminal Justice system
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the Question:
The three new criminal laws come into effect across the country from July 1,2024. States are free to bring in their own amendments to some provisions of the Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) that replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC.).
Key Demand of the question:
To discuss the features of the Bharatiya Sanhita Bill, Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill of 2023, and highlight their potential benefits and concerns.
Directive:
Discuss – This requires a detailed account of the bills’ features, their potential benefits, and concerns. The answer should provide definitions and relevant facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by providing the context of the introduction of these bills and their significance in reforming India’s criminal justice system.
Body:
First part: Detail the main features of each bill.
Bharatiya Sanhita Bill: Redefinition of offenses, updated penalties.
Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita Bill: Measures for faster trials, state amendments.
Bharatiya Sakshya Bill: Rules of evidence, digital evidence admissibility.
Second part: Discuss potential benefits.
Enhanced judicial efficiency.
Protection of individual rights.
Adaptable legal framework.
Third part: Highlight concerns.
Implementation challenges.
Training for personnel.
Risk of discretionary power misuse.
Conclusion:
Summarise the potential impact of these reforms, emphasising the importance of careful implementation and oversight to address the concerns and maximise the benefits.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Environment Conservation
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Supreme Court has recently recognized the right to ‘be free from the adverse effects of climate change’, identifying both the right to life and the right to equality as its sources.
Key Demand of the question:
To evaluate the Supreme Court’s recognition of climate rights, discuss the potential challenges and benefits of enforcing this right, and suggest measures suitable for India’s unique developmental context.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Begin by summarizing the Supreme Court’s judgment in M.K. Ranjitsinh and Ors. vs Union of India & Ors., which recognized the right to be free from the adverse effects of climate change, linking it to the constitutional rights to life and equality.
Body:
- Key Aspects of the Judgment:
- Explain the court’s reasoning for recognizing climate rights under Articles 21 and 14 of the Indian Constitution.
- Highlight the significance of this judgment in the context of India’s climate change jurisprudence.
- Challenges in Enforcing Climate Rights:
- Discuss the potential difficulties in implementing this right through judicial decisions alone, including the risk of creating a fragmented approach to climate governance.
- Measures for Effective Enforcement:
- Propose the enactment of comprehensive climate legislation tailored to India’s developmental needs. This could include creating institutions, setting procedures, and mainstreaming climate considerations across various sectors.
- Suggest enhancing the regulatory environment for sustainable urban development, energy, agriculture, and transport.
- Emphasize the importance of adaptation measures, such as local heat action plans and climate-resilient agriculture.
- Advocate for a balanced approach that promotes low-carbon and climate-resilient development, ensuring that climate change considerations are integrated into India’s broader development agenda.
Conclusion:
Summarize the importance of the Supreme Court’s judgment and the necessity for a robust legal framework to enforce climate rights effectively.
Topic: Internal Security: Money Laundering
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: FATF Mutual Evaluation Report, Live Mint, Insights ias
Why the question:
Recently, FATF adopts Mutual Evaluation Report (MER) of India
Key Demand of the question:
To evaluate the effectiveness of India’s measures against ML, TF, and proliferation financing, acknowledging the successes and pinpointing the shortcomings.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – This requires a detailed investigation of the topic, identifying both positive aspects and areas needing improvement. The analysis should be balanced and evidence-based.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Begin by providing context about India’s commitment to combating ML, TF, and proliferation financing, referencing the FATF Mutual Evaluation Report.
Body:
- Key Achievements:
- Discuss the mitigation of risks from ML/TF and related crimes like corruption, fraud, and organized crime.
- Highlight the transition from a cash-based to a digital economy and the impact of the JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile) on financial inclusion and transaction traceability.
- Effectiveness of Measures:
- Evaluate the success of legislative and regulatory frameworks, including the implementation of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) and other relevant laws.
- Assess the role of financial institutions and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in enforcing compliance and reporting suspicious activities.
- Areas for Improvement:
- Identify gaps in the supervision and implementation of preventive measures in non-financial sectors.
- Address the need to expedite the conclusion of ML and TF prosecutions.
- Discuss the importance of a risk-based approach to prevent the non-profit sector from being abused for TF.
- Propose a way forward, including strengthening legal frameworks, improving inter-agency coordination, and leveraging technology for better monitoring and enforcement.
Conclusion:
Summarize the key points, emphasizing the progress made and the need for continued efforts to enhance the effectiveness of measures against ML, TF, and proliferation financing.
General Studies – 4
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Deccan Herald
Why the question?
Karnataka government issued circular on prudent management of public funds. The circular comes in the wake of the embezzlement of taxpayers’ money to the tune of several crores of rupees at the Maharshi Valmiki ST Development Corporation Ltd.
Key demand of question: To highlight reasons for underutilisation and misutilization of fund and write about the importance of prudent management of public fund.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction: Begin by giving context.
Body:
Address how lack of accountability and absence of prudent management of public funds is leading to various issues in utilisation of funds, include all the dimension with examples in your answer.
Diagrammatic presentation on utilisation of fund could be added.
Then, recommend few measures that can be taken to minimise the issue in public fund management.
Conclusion:
Give a concise summation of your views to conclude the answer or could end your answer with 2nd ARC recommendations.
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