UPSC Editorials Quiz : 5 June 2024

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

On June 9, 2022, the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) notified guidelines for ‘Prevention of Misleading Advertisements and Endorsements for Misleading Advertisements, 2022’. The guidelines, brought in with immediate effect, are applicable to all forms of advertisements. While the Consumer Protection Act of 2019 does have a provision on misleading advertisements, the CCPA can impose a penalty of up to ₹10 lakh on manufacturers, advertisers and endorsers for misleading advertisements and a penalty of up to ₹50 lakh for subsequent contraventions. It can also prohibit the endorser of a misleading advertisement from making any endorsement for up to one year; for subsequent contravention, prohibition can extend up to three years. 

Source

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Criteria for Declaring Heat Wave in India:

Plains and Hilly Regions:

• Heat wave is considered if the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 40°C or more for Plains and at least 30°C or more for Hilly regions.
• Based on Departure from Normal Heat Wave: Departure from normal is 50°C to 6.40°C.
• Severe Heat Wave: Departure from normal is >6.40°C.
• Based on Actual Maximum Temperature Heat Wave: When actual maximum temperature ≥45°C.
• Severe Heat Wave: When actual maximum temperature ≥47°C.
• If the above criteria are met in at least 2 stations in a Meteorological subdivision for at least two consecutive days, it is declared so on the second day.

Coastal Areas:

• When the maximum temperature departure is 50°C or more from normal, a heat wave may be described provided the actual maximum temperature is 37°C or more.

Heat Action Plans (HAPs):

• It lists preparatory, adaptive, and responsive measures for government departments to tackle the heat and its impacts.
• They are mandated to be drafted — not in an ad hoc manner — at the city, district, and state levels for effective implementation and as per the guidelines of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).
• It aided in reducing the casualties due to heatwaves,

Solution: a)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Western Australian scientists have connected pink diamond formation to the Earth’s first supercontinent (Vaalbara or Nuna) and events 1.3 billion years ago.

Pink diamonds are a rare and highly coveted type of diamond known for their stunning pink or reddish-pink colour. Pink diamonds are exceptionally rare, and their rarity, combined with their captivating beauty, makes them extremely valuable.

Pink diamonds get their distinct colour from unique structural irregularities in the crystal lattice of the diamond, rather than impurities like nitrogen or boron, which give other coloured diamonds their hues (such as in the case of Yellow and blue diamonds)

Where is it found?

The Argyle diamond mine in Western Australia was one of the primary sources of pink diamonds (over 90% of production), although it ceased production in 2020. Pink diamonds from the Argyle mine were particularly famous for their quality and colour intensity.

What does the study indicate?

Pink diamonds were formed as a result of the breakup of Earth’s first supercontinent, Vaalbara, through intense geological forces from colliding tectonic plates that caused their crystal lattices to twist and bend. The critical event that turned once-colourless diamonds into pink was a monumental collision between Western Australia and Northern Australia.

Solution: c)

The Brandt Line (an imaginary line) is a concept that categorizes the world into richer countries mainly in the Northern Hemisphere and poorer countries mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, highlighting global economic disparities.

The line is based on the “North-South: A Programme for Survival”, a report addressing the problems of international inequality

Solution: b)