UPSC STATIC QUIZ – History : 1 June 2024

Solution: d)

The people had adopted the twin programme of ‘Boycott’ and ‘Swadeshi ‘ as parts of one and the same movement. These two words are two sides of the same coin and both were used as economic as well as political tools. Boycott referred to the boycott of British goods in order to register protest with the British public against the grave injustice inflicted upon Bengal. Boycott was a seemingly negative programme and Swadeshi as its positive corollary was accepted along with. Swadeshi meant use of, and encouragement to, native products as against foreign goods. Thus, the Boycott and Swadeshi movement brought all classes of Indian society, particularly in Bengal to a common platform for a national cause.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The Home Rule Movement was the Indian response to the First World War.

The Indian Home Rule Leagues were organized on the lines of the Irish Home Rule Leagues and they represented the emergence of a new trend of aggressive politics. Annie Besant and Tilak were the pioneers of this new trend.

The Home Rule agitation was later joined by Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai, Chittaranjan Das, Madan Mohan Malaviya, Mohammad Ali jinnah, Tej Bahadur Sapru and Lala Lajpat Rai. Some of these leaders became heads of local branches.

The League campaign aimed to convey to the common man the message of Home Rule as self-government. The Russian Revolution of 1917 proved to be an added advantage for the Home Rule campaign.

Solution: c)

The Khilafat committee was formed in the aftermath of the First World War (ending in 1919).

Post-war, there were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor – the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa).

To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.

A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue.

Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement.

At the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920, he convinced other leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for swaraj.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

The Ghadr Party was a revolutionary group organized around a weekly newspaper The Ghadr with its headquarters at San Francisco and branches along the US coast and in the Far East with the aim of securing India’s independence from British rule.

Key members included Lala Har Dayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah, Kartar Singh Sarabha, and Rashbehari Bose.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Features of Act of 1909:

• It retained official majority in the Central Legislative Council but allowed the provinciallegislative councils to have non-official majority.
• It introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of‘separate electorate’. Under this, the Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim

Government of India Act of 1919 granted franchise to a limited number of people on the basis of property, tax or education.