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General Studies – 1
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: History of modern world by Jain & Mathur
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about colonialism and pattern in which Africa was colonised.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining Colonialism.
Body:
First, write about major features of Colonialis
Industrial Revolutionm.
Next, write about the Colonisation of Africa – late as 1880 only 20 per cent of Africa had come under European rule. With the spread of the to other countries of Europe rivalries increased as did the search for colonies. The emerging industrial powers looked for a place in the sun. A continent of over 28 million square km was partitioned and occupied by European powers by a combination of two strategies, treaties and conquest.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing the outcome of Colonisation.
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how we can understand the interior of earth by using Seismic waves.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning that the structure of Earth’s deep interior cannot be studied directly but geologists use seismic (earthquake) waves to understand the interior structure of earth.
Body:
First, define what are seismic waves and their types.
Explain, how the difference in their properties helps us to understand the earth’s interior. Also, draw a neat labelled diagram for better presentation of your answer.
Conclusion:
Mention the significance of understanding the interior of the earth.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
Health insurance as the main modality of universal health coverage (UHC) now looks to be indisputably confirmed to be ingrained in Indian health policy thinking.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about UHC, challenges in its implementation and steps that are needed to overcome them.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
Body:
In the first part, write about the various components of UHC – access to health services, including preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative care.
Next, write about challenges in the implementation of UHC – funding, human resources, infrastructure, and political will etc.
Next, write about the steps that are needed to overcome the above-mentioned challenges.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
From unfilled vacancies to lack of infrastructure, there are deeper issues that ail India’s judiciary.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the need for reforms in Indian judiciary and how to achieve them.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of judicial reforms.
Body:
First, write about the need of judicial reforms in India. In detail, enumerate the various issues in the Indian judiciary. Substantiate with facts and examples.
Next, write what reforms are needed in its place to ensure that Indian judiciary is efficient, effective and accountable.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
The fourth meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Implementation (SBI4) ended without finalisation of recommendations to be presented at the 16th Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP16) being held in Cali, Columbia in October this year.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and challenges in its implementation.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of COP15.
Body:
First, write about Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and its components.
Next, write in detail about the various takeaways from the COP15 – 30×30 initiative, Conservation, protection and restoration, Monitoring and reporting progress, Pollution and pesticides, Harmful subsidies etc.
Next, write about the challenges in achieving the above and measures that needs to be taken to achieve the above targets.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining nepotism.
Body:
First, mention the various way in nepotism affects public administration – conflict in the work place, low staff morale, loss of competent employees, use of the job to carry out unethical acts etc.
Next, mention how nepotism can be avoided in administration. Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Key Demand of the question: Write about the nature of Swami Vivekananda’s ethical philosophy.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context of Swami Vivekananda’s ethical philosophy.
Body:
First, explain the core aspects of his philosophy – interrelatedness of spiritual and social action, importance of self-realization, service to others, self-discipline, and detachment
Next, write about the importance of compassion as per Swami Vivekananda.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
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