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General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the reasons for decline of Indian handicrafts under British rule.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context about flourishing Indian handicrafts before arrival of British.
Body:
Write the reasons for collapse of handicrafts under colonial rule – introduction of British made goods and ignorance of Indian Handicrafts Industries, policy of De-industrialization, transformed India to a mere exporter of raw materials for the upcoming modern industries in Britain etc.
Next, write about the steps that are needed to promote them – supportive policies, market access, skill development, technology adoption, cultural heritage promotion, and institutional support etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Statistics show that the total volume of water on earth is estimated at 1.386 billion km3, where 97.5% is salt water and 2.5% freshwater. Out of this freshwater, only 0.3% is in liquid form on the surface, which means that the rest of the freshwater is underground, including on or under the ocean bed.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about demand for freshwater and role India can play in freshwater extraction.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving statistic about freshwater.
Body:
In the first part, write about the water scarcity across the world.
Next, write about the measures that India can take in this regard to extract freshwater in a sustainable and equitable manner.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Before election fever gripped the country, India managed to clinch a historic trade deal, in March, with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), comprising Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact of India signing trade agreement with EFTA
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the major features of the trade agreement with EFTA.
Next, write about major benefits it is expected to bring – significant economic benefits, such as better integrated and more resilient supply etc.
Next, write about the major concerns associated with it – geopolitical implications, actual scale of investment etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully tested a liquid rocket engine made with the help of additive manufacturing technology — commonly known as 3D printing.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about additive manufacturing or 3D printing, its potential and limitations.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining additive manufacturing or 3D printing
Body:
First, write about process of 3D printing in detail – digital 3D model is created, then sliced into layers, generating instructions for the printer. The printer follows these instructions, depositing material layer by layer and solidifying or bonding it. Use flow chart for better presentation.
Next, write about the potential applications of 3D printing. Cite examples to substantiate.
Next, write about the limitations of 3D printing – complexity and scalability of the process, quality control issues, and high costs.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Disaster and disaster management.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article explains the recent forest fires that occurred in Goa, India, in March 2023. It describes the causes and impact of the fires, which destroyed large areas of forest and wildlife habitats.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about causes of forest fires in India and measures need to mitigate them.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining forest fires and statistic regarding rising instances of forest fires in India.
Body:
Draw a small illustrative diagram showing major forest fire prone areas and discuss the reasons of forest fires
Next, discuss the efforts that are needed to be taken in this direction. Short term- early detection, rapid response, community engagement, collaboration, and public awareness campaigns.
Next, write about Long-term strategies – sustainable forest management, ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, capacity building, research, innovation, and policy strengthening etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Citizen’s Charters
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Key Demand of the question:
To write about limitations of citizen charters and measures to overcome them.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining citizen charter.
Body:
First, mention the shortcoming of citizen charters – not formulated through a consultative process, lack of awareness, absence of grievance redressal etc.
Next, suggest steps to overcome the above shortcomings.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stressing on need to make the charters effective to provide high quality public service delivery.
Topic: ethical issues in international relations and funding;
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain about role of pluralism and responsibility in upholding international ethics.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by describing the ethical issues in international relations.
Body:
Write about as to how ethics in international relations remain a theory as they are seldom implemented in practice. Substantiate with examples.
Next, write about how pluralism, responsibility and fairness can make a difference in transforming ethic in international relations. Link these to recent happenings across the world.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning the need of uphold ethics in international relations.
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