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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following statements.
- Heat waves begin when high pressure in the atmosphere moves in and pushes warm air toward the ground.
- A hot spell is labelled as a ‘Heat Wave’ only when temperatures are above the historical average in an area for more than one week.
- When heat waves occur, the wind and cloud cover are minimised, which makes the air hotter.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?
Correct
Solution: a)
Statement 2 is incorrect.
Temperatures must be above the historical average in an area for two or more days before the label “heat wave” is applied to a hot spell. But the definition can vary by region;
Heat waves begin when high pressure in the atmosphere moves in and pushes warm air toward the ground. That air warms up further as it is compressed, and we begin to feel a lot hotter.
The high-pressure system pressing down on the ground expands vertically, forcing other weather systems to change course. It even minimizes wind and cloud cover, making the air more stifling. This is also why a heat wave parks itself over an area for several days or longer.
Incorrect
Solution: a)
Statement 2 is incorrect.
Temperatures must be above the historical average in an area for two or more days before the label “heat wave” is applied to a hot spell. But the definition can vary by region;
Heat waves begin when high pressure in the atmosphere moves in and pushes warm air toward the ground. That air warms up further as it is compressed, and we begin to feel a lot hotter.
The high-pressure system pressing down on the ground expands vertically, forcing other weather systems to change course. It even minimizes wind and cloud cover, making the air more stifling. This is also why a heat wave parks itself over an area for several days or longer.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Consider the following statements.
- Wet-bulb temperature combines heat and humidity to indicate how much evaporation can be absorbed into the air.
- The wet bulb temperature is usually higher than the dry bulb temperature.
- At wet-bulb temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius, it becomes difficult to reduce body temperature via sweating.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The wet bulb temperature is usually lower than the dry bulb temperature, and the difference between the two increases dramatically as the air becomes dry.
The most worrying weather measurement is not the heat typically reported in forecasts but the wet-bulb temperature, which combines heat and humidity to indicate how much evaporation can be absorbed into the air. At wet-bulb temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius, we become unable to reduce our temperature via sweating and will suffer potentially fatal heatstroke after only a few hours, even with shade and water.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The wet bulb temperature is usually lower than the dry bulb temperature, and the difference between the two increases dramatically as the air becomes dry.
The most worrying weather measurement is not the heat typically reported in forecasts but the wet-bulb temperature, which combines heat and humidity to indicate how much evaporation can be absorbed into the air. At wet-bulb temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius, we become unable to reduce our temperature via sweating and will suffer potentially fatal heatstroke after only a few hours, even with shade and water.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
The factors that cause variations in insolation are:
- The transparency of the atmosphere
- The configuration of land in terms of its aspect
- The length of the day
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: c)
The energy received by the earth is known as incoming solar radiation which in short is termed as insolation.
The amount and the intensity of insolation vary during a day, in a season and in a year. The factors that cause these variations in insolation are:
(i) The rotation of earth on its axis
(ii) The angle of inclination of the sun’s rays
(iii) The length of the day
(iv) The transparency of the atmosphere
(v) The configuration of land in terms of its aspect
Thus, all the given factors cause variation in the amount of insolation.
Incorrect
Solution: c)
The energy received by the earth is known as incoming solar radiation which in short is termed as insolation.
The amount and the intensity of insolation vary during a day, in a season and in a year. The factors that cause these variations in insolation are:
(i) The rotation of earth on its axis
(ii) The angle of inclination of the sun’s rays
(iii) The length of the day
(iv) The transparency of the atmosphere
(v) The configuration of land in terms of its aspect
Thus, all the given factors cause variation in the amount of insolation.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
The twinkling of a star is due to
Correct
Solution: c)
The twinkling of a star is due to atmospheric refraction of starlight. The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously before it reaches the earth.
Incorrect
Solution: c)
The twinkling of a star is due to atmospheric refraction of starlight. The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously before it reaches the earth.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Tornadoes.
- Tornadoes are whirling, vertical air columns that form from thunderstorms, without stretching to the ground.
- Changes in the wind’s speed and direction can lead to strong tornadoes.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
Correct
Solution: a)
Tornadoes are whirling, vertical air columns that form from thunderstorms and stretch to the ground. They travel with ferocious speed and lay waste to everything in their path.
When winds vary in speed or direction at different altitudes–a condition known as wind shear–the updraft will start to spin.
These changes in winds produce the spin necessary for a tornado. For especially strong tornadoes, changes are needed in both the wind’s speed and direction.
Incorrect
Solution: a)
Tornadoes are whirling, vertical air columns that form from thunderstorms and stretch to the ground. They travel with ferocious speed and lay waste to everything in their path.
When winds vary in speed or direction at different altitudes–a condition known as wind shear–the updraft will start to spin.
These changes in winds produce the spin necessary for a tornado. For especially strong tornadoes, changes are needed in both the wind’s speed and direction.
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