DAY – 41 Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2024: Topic – MODERN INDIA, Subject-wise Test 3, 4,19, Textbook-based Test – 25 and April 2024 CA

Solution: A

The ‘Global Coal to Clean Power Transition Statement’ does aim to accelerate the transition from coal power to clean energy globally. However, while some countries have committed to stop building new coal power plants, not all major coal users, including China and India, have made such explicit commitments under this particular statement.

Solution: A

The Loss and Damage Fund was established to assist developing countries in managing the effects of climate-related disasters. However, India did not make a financial pledge to this fund during COP28, emphasizing instead the historical responsibility of developed nations to support such initiatives​

Solution: B

Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, also known as Keoladeo Ghana National Park in Rajasthan, is a famous avifauna sanctuary that hosts thousands of birds, especially during the winter season. It is a World Heritage Site and is renowned for the presence of various bird species, including flamingos.

Solution: B

Ramanuja is indeed known for the philosophy of Vishishtadvaita, and Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj, focusing on the authority of the Vedas and rejecting idol worship.

Hence, Statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Shankaracharya did not found the Bhakti movement but was a proponent of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy. The Bhakti movement was more of a collective evolution involving numerous saints across different regions of India.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect

Solution: B

Guru Nanak founded Sikhism with a strong emphasis on the unity of God, and Tulsidas authored the Ramcharitmanas, promoting devotion to Rama.

Hence, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Meera Bai was a devotee of Lord Krishna and a celebrated figure in the Bhakti movement, not an adherent of Advaita Vedanta.

Hence, statement 2 is incorrect

Solution: d)

Justification:

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/01/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-1-april-2024/

Solution: b)

Justification: Atoms4NetZero is an IAEA initiative that supports efforts by Member States to harness the power of nuclear energy in the transition to net zero. The initiative provides Member States and stakeholders including industry, financial institutions, and international organizations with technical expertise and scientific evidence on the potential of nuclear energy to decarbonize electricity production as well as hard-to-abate sectors such as industry and transport.

The initiative is open to:

• Member States, both nuclear operating and embarking countries, that are interested in including nuclear energy in their national energy mix to achieve net zero objectives. Specific attention will be given to developing countries.
• Industrial partners and companies, to help accelerate the implementation of technical solutions to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors
• Financial institutions which are ready to support the contribution of nuclear energy to clean energy transitions as part of sustainable investments.
• Other international organizations contributing to the clean energy transition.

Q Source: https://www.iaea.org/atoms4netzero

https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/02/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-2-april-2024/

Solution: b)

Justification: Bodo Dokhona is the traditional attire of Bodo women.

Bodo Eri Silk is a fabric made from the silk of Samia ricini, known as the fabric of peace

Bodo Jwmgra is a traditional scarf that is part of the Bodo culture.

Bodo Gamsa is a traditional dress worn by Bodo men.

Bodo Thorkha musical instruments are integral to Bodo culture.

Bodo Sifung: Long flute used in Bodo music.

S3: Asharikandi Terracotta Craft refers to a traditional craft form practised in the village of Asharikandi in Assam. It involves the creation of pottery and other decorative items using locally sourced terracotta clay.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/02/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-2-april-2024/

Solution: a)

Justification: Coastal areas in southern and central Kerala experienced inundation from swell waves, locally known as ‘Kallakkadal,’ prompting alertness from disaster management authorities.

The phenomenon is not common for this time of the year, as noted by the fishing community.

Swell waves refer to ocean waves that have travelled over long distances from their area of origin, usually generated by distant weather systems or storms.

These waves typically have a consistent and smooth appearance and can travel thousands of kilometres across the ocean’s surface without breaking.

Swell waves are a significant factor in shaping coastal areas and can cause inundation and erosion when they reach shore.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/10/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-10-april-2024/

Solution: b)

Justification: The act came into effect in 1958 and applies to the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura.

The AFSPA gives the military, para-military, and other security forces the power to:

• Use force, including lethal force, against people who violate the law or are suspected of doing so
• Arrest people without a warrant
• Enter or search premises without a warrant
• Shoot to kill
• Search houses
• Destroy any property that is “likely” to be used by insurgents

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/01/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-1-april-2024/

Answer: b

Explanation:

• Reformist Movements: These movements focus on changing or reforming existing socio-religious structures with an emphasis on rationality, modernity, and gradual evolution. They do not seek to radically replace the existing system but aim to improve it from within.
• Revivalist Movements: These movements aim to revive or restore traditional practices and beliefs. They often focus on returning to the roots of religious or cultural traditions, emphasizing purity and adherence to foundational teachings.
• Arya Samaj:
• Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875.
• Focuses on reforming social practices, rejecting idolatry, polytheism, and caste discrimination.
• Although it seeks reform in religious practices, its approach leans toward traditionalist revivalism with an emphasis on returning to Vedic principles.
• Classification: Revivalist Movement.
• Deoband Movement:
• Established by Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi in 1866.
• Focuses on Islamic religious education and revivalism.
• Its goal was to restore traditional Islamic teachings and practices.
• Classification: Revivalist Movement.
• Brahmo Samaj:
• Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828.
• Advocates for rationalism, monotheism, and the reform of social practices like sati, polygamy, and child marriage.
• Aims to modernize religious and social practices without adhering to strict traditionalism.
• Classification: Reformist Movement.
• Aligarh Movement:
• Founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in 1875, the Aligarh Movement aimed to modernize education for Muslims, promoting Western-style education while also preserving Islamic values.
• It was a movement towards modernity and reform, emphasizing rationality and progress
• Classification: Reformist Movement.

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Answer: a

Explanation:

• The Socio-religious reform movements could broadly be classified into two categories:

1. Reformist movements like the Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj, and the Aligarh Movement.
2. Revivalist movements like Arya Samaj and the Deoband movement.

• Revivalist Movements aim to revive or restore traditional practices and beliefs. They often focus on returning to the roots of religious or cultural traditions, emphasizing purity and adherence to foundational teachings.
• Promoting Western ideologies and values: This is more of a characteristic of Reformist Movements. Revivalist Movements generally focus on restoring traditional practices and beliefs, often rejecting Western ideologies.
• Emphasis on reason and conscience: This feature is aligned with Reformist Movements, which rely on rationalism and reason to accept or reject social or religious traditions. Revivalist Movements focus on restoring faith and traditional practices, with less emphasis on rationalism.
• Restoration of the lost purity of faith: This is a central feature of Revivalist Movements. These movements aim to revive or restore traditional religious or cultural practices, emphasizing purity and adherence to foundational teachings.
• Advocating equality and modernization: This feature is commonly associated with Reformist Movements, as they aim to modernize and change existing structures. Revivalist Movements focus on restoring traditional values and practices, which may not always align with modernization.
• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: a

Explanation:

• Study of ancient India’s history, philosophy, and religion: The study of ancient Indian texts, history, and philosophy in the 19th century provided a broader understanding of India’s cultural heritage. This increased awareness helped Indian reformers by giving them a sense of pride in their civilization’s past glory.
• By revisiting ancient texts, reformers could draw on historical evidence to argue against contemporary superstitions and social obscurantism, suggesting a more enlightened and rational past. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Encouragement from British colonial authorities: While some British authorities promoted Western education and modern values, majority of the others upheld or did not interfere with traditional practices and social structures. The British administrations official position often maintained a neutral or conservative stance toward Indian religious and social customs. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• Support from traditional caste leaders: Traditional caste leaders generally upheld established social hierarchies and customs, often resisting reformist ideas. Their support for traditional practices made it challenging for reformers to combat superstitions and social obscurantism. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

• Caste system leading to social segregation and discrimination against untouchables: This system’s rigidity and discrimination created a compelling case for reform. Hence, it was a factor in influencing socio-religious reforms in India.
• Opposition to Western culture leading to a revitalization of traditional practices: The resistance to Western influences inspired some groups to reinforce traditional practices, leading to reformist and revivalist movements. Hence, it was a factor in influencing socio-religious reforms in India.
• Hinduism’s focus on religious scriptures fostering a spirit of reform among the upper castes: This does not represent a typical factor that influenced socio-religious reforms in India. The focus on religious scriptures by the upper castes often contributed to maintaining the status quo and resisting change. The upper castes, generally benefiting from the existing social structure, had little incentive to promote reform. Reform movements typically arose in opposition to the rigid interpretations of religious scriptures and the entrenched social hierarchies they supported. Hence, it was a Not factor in influencing socio-religious reforms in India.
• The depressing position of women due to child marriage and the practice of sati: These harsh conditions for women were major catalysts for reform efforts aimed at social justice and equality. Hence, it was a factor in influencing socio-religious reforms in India.
• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

• Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Rammohan Roy in 1828, was a pioneering socio-religious reform movement in India that aimed to modernize and purify Hinduism. The Brahmo Samaj advocated monotheism, rejecting polytheism, idol worship, and the caste system’s rigidity. It emphasized a rational approach to religion, valuing human reason over blind faith or superstition. This movement fought against social injustices like sati, child marriage, and discrimination against lower castes, promoting progressive social reforms.
• Brahmo Samaj rejected polytheism, idol worship, and avatar theory in favor of a single, undefined, boundless, and indivisible deity. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Brahmo Samaj did not incorporate reincarnation as part of its monotheistic view. In fact, Brahmo Samaj generally opposed reincarnation and karma. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• While Brahmo Samaj derived inspiration from ancient Hindu texts, it wasn’t strictly bound to them and often deviated from traditional interpretations. It emphasized a more rational and monotheistic interpretation. Hence,Statement 3 is incorrect.
• Brahmo Samaj’s view of God was unique, seeing it as imperceptible and boundless, and explicitly opposing Hindu polytheism. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: d

Explanation:

• Father of Marathi Journalism: Balshastri Jambhekar is widely recognized as the father of Marathi journalism for his role in founding the first Marathi newspaper, “Darpan,” in 1832. His contributions laid the groundwork for modern journalism in Maharashtra and beyond.
• Early Achievements: Jambhekar showed exceptional linguistic skills from a young age, composing his first Marathi poem at the age of 12. He pursued education in Pune, mastering several languages including Greek, Latin, French, and English.
• Social Reformer: Jambhekar was deeply involved in social causes, advocating for women’s education and the upliftment of the lower castes. Through his articles in “Darpan,” he addressed societal issues like widow remarriage and fought against unjust practices.
• Educator and Promoter of Knowledge: Besides his work in journalism, Jambhekar founded educational institutions such as the Bombay Native General Library and the Native Improvement Society. He also launched the Marathi monthly magazine “Digdarshan” in 1840, covering topics like physics, chemistry, and history.
• Advocate for Science and Rationalism: Jambhekar believed in the development of a scientific mind-set and worked to promote education across all sections of society. He rejected superstitions and emphasized the importance of knowledge and truth.
• Impact and Legacy: Jambhekar’s pioneering work in journalism and education had a lasting impact on Indian society. His contributions not only advanced Marathi journalism but also laid a foundation for modern journalism in India, promoting social and political awareness. His birthday, January 6th, is celebrated as Journalism Day in Maharashtra to honor his legacy.
• Balshastri Jambhekar’s contributions include founding the Bombay Native General Library and starting the Marathi monthly magazine “Digdarshan.” He also published “Dnyaneshwari,” a commentary on the Bhagwat Gita.
• However, there’s no record of him establishing the first English-medium school in Mumbai.
• Hence, option (d) is correct.

Answer: b

Explanation:

Savitribai Phule

• Born in a small village in Satara district of Maharashtra on January 3, 1831, Savitribai Phule was an Indian social reformer, poet, and powerful voice in the Indian freedom struggle.
• She was an active participant in the women’s liberation movement.
• Savitribai trained at Ms. Farar’s Institution in Ahmednagar and at Ms. Mitchell’s school in Pune to become the first female teacher in India.
• Savitribai Phule and her husband, Jyotirao Phule (one of the most famous social reformers in Maharashtra), opened India’s first school for women in Pune in 1848.
• Despite resistance from society, by 1851, Phule was running 18 schools for children of different castes, with a strength of 150 girls.
• They also established two educational trusts: the Native Female School, Pune, and the Society for Promoting the Education of Mahars, Mangs, and others from downtrodden castes.
• In 1852, the British government acknowledged the great work of the Phule family in the field of education and honored Savitribai by naming her the best teacher.
• She, along with her husband, Jyotirao Phule, actively worked against the caste-based discrimination prevalent in society.
• She played a crucial role in grooming Jyotirao Phule’s pioneering institution, Satyashodhak Samaj (1873) that fought for equality of all classes.
• In 1852, she initiated the Mahila Seva Mandal, a platform aimed at creating awareness about women’s rights. Notably, this platform brought together members of all castes, challenging entrenched social hierarchies.
• Savitribai Phule was a vocal advocate for the rights of widows. She campaigned against the prevailing customs that forced widows into a life of deprivation and for the right of widows to remarry.
• Savitribai organized a barbers’ strike in both Mumbai and Pune to demonstrate their opposition to the practice of shaving the heads of widows.
• Savitribai also fought against dowry and other oppressive social customs.
• In 1863, Jyotirao and Savitribai began Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha, India’s first home prohibiting infanticide, helping pregnant Brahmin widows and rape victims.
• Savitribai Phule wrote two books, Kavya Phule in 1854 and Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar in 1892, which are collections of her poems.
• She wrote the famous poem ‘Go Get Education’ to encourage backward and oppressed class people to get an education.
• Savitribai said, “A woman without education is like a banyan tree without roots or leaves; she cannot provide for her children and stay alive herself.”
• Her birth anniversary, celebrated as Savitribai Phule Jayanti, is a day to commemorate her legacy and contributions to education and social equality.
• Hence, option (b) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

• Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati was born Ramabai Dongre, a high-caste Brahmin. Her father was a Sanskrit scholar and taught her Sanskrit at home. Orphaned at the age of 16 during the Great Famine (1876–78)
• At the age of twenty, she became the first woman in India to earn the titles of pandita (the feminine of pundit, or Sanskrit scholar) and sarasvati, after examination by the faculty of the University of Calcutta. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• In 1882, Ramabai, moved to Pune where she founded the Arya Mahila Samaj, a society of high-caste Hindu women working for the education of girls and against child marriage. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• At this time she published her first book, Morals for Women, or in the original Marathi Stri Dharma Niti.
• She also testified before the Hunter Commission on Education in India, an enquiry set up by the British government. She suggested that teachers be trained, women school inspectors be appointed, and that Indian women should be admitted to medical colleges. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• Ramabai’s evidence created a great sensation and reached Queen Victoria. In time, it also contributed to the beginnings of the Women’s Medical Movement which aimed to improve women’s healthcare in India.
• Ramabai travelled to Britain in 1883, where she hoped to study medicine in order to return to India as a doctor. This was unusual for the time: those few women practising as physicians in Britain at this date had trained in continental Europe or the USA.
• Having relinquished her dreams of a medical degree, in 1886 she travelled to the USA to attend the graduation from the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia of Anandibai Joshee, the first Indian woman to become a medical doctor, who was also her distant relation.
• She remained in the USA for 2 years. During this time she translated textbooks and gave lectures throughout the United States and Canada. She also published her most important book, The High-Caste Hindu Woman, which sought to expose the oppression of women in Hindu-dominated British India.
• By the end of 1888 Pandita Ramabai had returned to India. In 1889 she opened her Sharada Sadan (or Home for Learning) in Mumbai.
• The Mukti Mission, founded by Pandita Ramabai in 1889, is a humanitarian organization that aims to provide shelter, education, and vocational training for vulnerable groups, particularly girls and women. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
• Ramabai published in Hindi and Sanskrit as well as in Marathi and English. Her last, posthumous work was a translation of the entire Bible into Marathi.
• Hence, option(c) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

• The Shree Narayan Guru Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Movement was an example of a regional movement that arose from the conflict between the lower and upper castes. Sree Narayana Guru Swamy (1856– 1928) founded it among the Ezhavas of Kerala, a backward caste of toddy-tapperswho were considered untouchables and were denied education and entry into temples.
• The Ezhavas were Kerala’s most populous caste, accounting for 26% of the total population.On Sivaratri in 1888, Narayana Guru, himself of the Ezhava caste, took a stone from the Neyyar River and installed it as a Sivalinga at Aruvippuram.
• It was meant to demonstrate that the consecration of an idol was not limited to the upper castes.With this, he launched a revolution that resulted in the abolition of many discriminations in Kerala’s society.
• One Caste, One Religion, One God for All,” he coined the now-famous slogan.“Oru Jathi, Oru Matham, Oru Daivan, Manushyanu”.
• Under the Indian Companies Act, the Shree Guru Narayan Dharma Paripalana Yogam was established in 1903. He was appointed as the chairman.
• Sri Narayana Guru constructed a number of temples and streamlined the worship, marriage, and death ceremonies.
• Objectives of SNDP Movement:
• To oppose the predominance of Brahmanas and other upper castes in general. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• To enhance the position of the backward castes in the caste hierarchy by copying upper-caste lifestyles, such as higher education and distinguished occupations. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Hence, option(c) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

Swami Vivekanand:

• He was born as Narendranath Datta on 12th January 1863.
• National Youth Day is held every year to observe the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.
• In 1893, upon the request of Maharaja Ajit Singh of the Khetri State, he took the name ‘Vivekananda.’
• Contributions:
• Introduced the world to the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga.
• He preached ‘neo-Vedanta’, an interpretation of Hinduism through a Western lens, and believed in combining spirituality with material progress.
• Best known for his speech at the World Parliament of Religion in Chicago in 1893.
• Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose had called Vivekananda the “maker of modern India.”
• He was the chief disciple of the 19th-century mystic Ramakrishna Paramhansa and established the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
• In 1899, he established Belur Math, which became his permanent abode.
• Advaita, which means “not two” or “non-dualism,” is a school of Hindu philosophy that emphasizes the essential oneness or unity of the ultimate reality, Brahman, with the individual self, or Atman.
• This concept was popularized by Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century and later became a foundational principle of Neo-Vedanta.
• Neo-Vedanta, as an interpretation of traditional Vedanta, integrates this idea of non-dualism with a more modern and inclusive approach, often promoting universalism, religious tolerance, and the idea that all religions share a common spiritual essence.
• Swami Vivekananda, one of the prominent figures in Neo-Vedanta, widely shared and preached this concept in his speeches and teachings, including at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893.
• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer (B) Rs. 2400

Principal for first year = 10000, So interest for first year would be 10000*10/100 = 1000

Now for the remaining two years, the principal would be 7000, so interest that he will pay in 2

years = 7000*2*10/100 = 1400

Thus, the total interest that he ends up paying is 1400 + 1000 = 2400

Answer D) 10%

Given, Interest on a simple interest basis is 600 for two years => Interest for one year is equal to Rs 300.

If Ram invests the amount on a compound interest basis – then interest for the first year is the same as investing in simple interest basis and that is equal to Rs 300.

Now, for CI we calculate interest on interest earned in previous time periods, whereas SI is computed purely on the principal invested.

So, CI for second year is 630 – 300 = 330 and Rs30 is the interest earned on interest of 300 which amounts to 10%.

Therefore, rate of interest = 10%.

The question is “What is the rate of interest?”

10% is the rate of interest.

Hence, the answer is 10%

Choice D is the correct answer.

Answer .C. The passage explains the ideology of populism and the most critical inference that can be made from the passage is related to the nature of populism. The nature of populism is such that it might seem to be adhering to the wishes of the masses but in reality it favours the argument of numbers over the argument of reason which is what statement C implies – that populism is more concerned with the procedural aspects of democracy.

Answer. A. Manichean ethic is an old religion that looks at things by breaking everything down into good or bad i.e. breaking everything into binaries. Hence A is the correct answer.

Answer. D. While statement I and III are mentioned in the passage itself, II is wrong as the passage doesn’t state that inequality itself leads to populism. While it is true that populist leaders malign the elites, the presence of inequality per se is not a necessary and sufficient conditions for exhibition of populist ideology. Statement IV is wrong. Hence D.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Cardamom or Elettaria Cardamomum Maton is one of the most highly prized and exotic spices and rightly deserves the name “queen of spices”.

It is also commonly referred to as the “green cardamom” or the “true cardamom”, and belongs to the family of ginger.

The planting of cardamom should be well planned. Shady trees like balangi, cedar and elangi should be grown first, as these form a canopy under which the cardamom plants grow.

Statement 1 is not correct: Cultivation is done through seeds and also by propagation by vegetative means through suckers.

Statement 2 is correct: The cardamom flower is green in colour with a white purple veined tip. The fruit is known as a “capsule” and these are harvested only when they ripen. These crops thrive best in temperatures between 15 degrees and 35 degrees.

Statement 3 is correct: Monsoons are the apt planting time, as these plants grow best in light drizzles and cloudy conditions.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Persian Gulf separates Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. It drains into the Arabian Sea by the Gulf of Oman, also known as the Sea of Oman.

Statement 2 is correct: However, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf are connected by the Strait of Hormuz.

The strait is the only sea passage that allows the Persian Gulf waters to reach open waters (Indian Ocean).

The Strait of Hormuz is a strategically waterway that facilitates international trade.

Statement 3 is not correct: The Sea of Marmara separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. It is connected to the Black Sea via the Bosphorus Strait, whereas in the southwest, it is linked with the Aegean Sea via the Dardanelles Strait.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Option (a) is correct: The Shompen tribe is one of the least known particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

• What makes the Shompens distinct from the four other PVTGs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands- (Jarawas, Great Andamanese, Onges and Sentinelese) is that they are the only tribe in the region with Mongoloid features. The other PVTGs have Negroid features.
• Different groups of Shompens have developed different levels of symbiotic relationship particularly a barter system with the Great Nicobarese who are coastal dwellers and categorised as a Scheduled Tribe and others who have settled on the island.

“Marriage by capturing women from different groups and sub-groups is one of the customs of the Shompen society.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The dhole or Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) is the only endangered wild pack-living canid in the tropical Indian forests and is considered at high risk of extinction.

Statement 2 is correct: The diurnal activity of the dholes had the highest temporal overlap with leopards and the lowest with clouded leopards.

Operating in packs of 5-10 individuals larger groups of more than 30 were observed in 2004, dholes were once widespread across southern and eastern Asia.

Factors such as habitat loss, declining prey availability, persecution, disease, and interspecific competition have contributed to the ongoing fragmentation of its populations.

Statement 3 is correct: The global population of adult dholes, now classified as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: A nuclear battery converts radioisotope energy into electrical energy. It has an advantage over other types of batteries due to its high energy density.

Energy density is the total energy content per unit mass. The energy density of a nuclear battery is about 104 times higher than a chemical battery.

On the other hand, a nuclear battery has a very low power density compared to other types of batteries.

Statement 2 is correct: Power density is the rate that it can output the power for a given size. As a result, a nuclear battery cannot compete with a fuel cell or a chemical battery for applications that require high power output.

Therefore, the goal of the nuclear battery design is not to replace the chemical battery but to aid chemical batteries such as hybrid batteries and find applications where chemical batteries are not feasible.

Thus, the targeted applications for a nuclear battery are mainly miniaturized low power output applications that cannot be fulfilled by chemical batteries.