DAY – 36 Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2024: Topic – ART & CULTURE, Subject-wise Test 17 , Textbook-based Test – 22 and March 2024 CA

Answer: d

Explanation:

• Puranas helped Hinduism develop from the ancient Vedic faith. In Sanskrit, the word “Purana” literally translates as “to resurrect the old.” Most likely during the third and eleventh centuries AD, the Puranas were written.
• They were written in order to show the populace the veracity of the Vedas. The Puranas impart philosophical and theological principles via well-known folklore and mythological tales.
• The literature of the Puranas is broad and addresses a variety of subjects, including but not limited to:
• Cosmology
• Genealogy/Medicine
• Astronomy
• Goddesses and Gods
• Grammar
• Demigods
• Heroes
• Sages
• Cosmology: The Puranas extensively delve into cosmology, describing the creation, structure, and eventual destruction of the universe according to Hindu mythology. They discuss concepts such as the cyclical nature of time, the different realms of existence, and the role of various deities in cosmic affairs.
• Genealogy: Genealogy is another significant aspect covered in the Puranas. These texts often contain elaborate genealogies of gods, sages, and legendary figures, tracing their lineage through various generations. Genealogical accounts help establish the connections between different characters and lineages in Hindu mythology.
• Astronomy: While the primary focus of the Puranas is not astronomy in the modern scientific sense, they do contain astronomical references. The Puranas include descriptions of celestial bodies, planetary movements, and cosmic events, often within the context of mythological narratives.
• Grammar: Puranas do contain linguistic elements, including rules of Sanskrit grammar and the use of language in narrative storytelling.
• Hence, option (d) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

• The common subjects addressed by old Sanskrit poets were primarily related to human experiences, emotions, and the natural world, rather than subjects like politics, economics, mathematics, or science.
• Politics and administration: While there might be occasional references to political events or economic transactions in Sanskrit poetry, these subjects were not commonly addressed by old Sanskrit poets. The focus of Sanskrit poetry was more on aesthetic and philosophical themes rather than practical matters of governance or finance.
• Mathematics and science: Similar to politics, mathematics and science were not prevalent themes in old Sanskrit poetry. Sanskrit literature did contribute to mathematical and scientific knowledge through texts like the Sulba Sutras, but these were distinct from the poetic tradition.
• Love and nature: This aligns closely with the themes commonly found in Sanskrit poetry. Love, in its various manifestations, including romantic love, divine love, and familial love, was a central theme in many Sanskrit poems. Nature, with its beauty and symbolism, also frequently appeared in Sanskrit poetry, often intertwined with themes of love and spirituality.
• The “Meghaduta” (Cloud Messenger) by Kalidasa is a classic Sanskrit poem that depicts the longing of a separated lover, who sends a message to his beloved through a cloud.
• The “Gita Govinda” by Jayadeva explores the divine love between Lord Krishna and Radha, expressed through poetry and music.
• “Raghuvamsha” and the “Kumarasambhava,” nature is often described in vivid detail, with poetic imagery evoking landscapes, seasons, and natural phenomena.
• The “Shakuntala” by Kalidasa contains beautiful descriptions of forests, rivers, and wildlife, setting the backdrop for the love story between King Dushyanta and Shakuntala.
• Religion and mythology: Religion and mythology were indeed prominent subjects addressed by old Sanskrit poets. Many Sanskrit poems were dedicated to praising and invoking gods and goddesses, recounting their myths, and exploring religious themes such as devotion, karma, and dharma. However, religion and mythology were the themes of bigger/ more elaborate works such as puranas, Vedas and epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata than poems.
• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: a

Explanation:

• “Padshahnama,” written by Abdul Hamid Lahori, primarily focuses on the reign of Shah Jahan. This historical text provides a detailed account of Shah Jahan’s rule, including his achievements, administration, cultural patronage, architectural projects, and military campaigns.
• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: a

Explanation:

• The Persian translation of the Mahabharata is known as “” This translation is significant as it represents the adaptation of an ancient Indian epic into Persian literature, reflecting the cultural exchange between India and Persia during the Mughal period. The “Razmnama” retains the narrative and themes of the Mahabharata while presenting them in the Persian language, making the epic accessible to Persian-speaking audiences.
• The Mahabharata was translated into Persian at Akbar’s orders, by Faizi and `Abd al-Qadir Bada’uni.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

• Vedangas literally mean the limbs of the Vedas. They are six in number. Just like the limbs of the body, they perform various supportive and augmenting functions in the study, preservation and protection of the Vedas and the Vedic traditions.
• The six Vedangas are Siksha, Chhanda, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Jyotisha and Kalpa.

• Kalpa Vedanga is compared with Hence, pair 2 is incorrect.
• Hence, option(c) is correct.

Answer: a

Explanation:

• The Vedic literature is broadly divided into two categories viz. Shruti and Smriti.
• Shruti describes the sacred texts comprising the central canon of Hinduism viz. Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, & Upanishads.
• Shruti is “that which has been heard” and is canonical, consisting of revelation and unquestionable truth, and is considered eternal. It refers mainly to the Vedas themselves. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Smriti literally means “that which is remembered,” and it is entire body of the post Vedic Classical Sanskrit literature. It comprises Vedanga, Shad darsana, Puranas, Itihasa, Upveda, Tantras, Agamas, Upangs.
• Smriti is “that which has been remembered” supplementary and may change over time. It is authoritative only to the extent that it conforms to the bedrock of Shruti.
• The Brahmanas are the prose texts which explain the hymns in the Vedas, give explanation and applications and related stories of their origin. They also have some stories related to the certain persons related to the Vedic Text. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: a

Explanation:

• The Sanskrit term for Vedic dictionary or kosa is “Nighandu.” This term refers to a lexicon or dictionary that provides definitions and explanations of words found in Vedic texts.
• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: b

Explanation:

• Some of the earliest bhakti movements (c. sixth century) were led by the Alvars (literally, those who are “immersed” in devotion to Vishnu) and Nayanars (literally, leaders who were devotees of Shiva). They travelled from place to place singing hymns in Tamil in praise of their gods.
• During their travels the Alvars and Nayanars identified certain shrines as abodes of their chosen deities. Very often large temples were later built at these sacred places. These developed as centres of pilgrimage. Singing compositions of these poet-saints became part of temple rituals in these shrines, as did worship of the saints’ images.
• Tradition reckons 12 Alvars, of which Andal is the only female. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Andal composed two works in her short life (she lived only for 15 years). Both are in Tamil and are unique in their literary, philosophical, religious, and artistic content.
• Her first work is the Tiruppavai, a poem of thirty verses in which Andal imagines herself to be a cowherd girl during the incarnation of Lord Krishna. She yearns to serve Him and achieve happiness not just in this birth, but for all eternity, and describes the religious vow (pavai) that she and her fellow cowgirls will take for this purpose.
• The second is the Nacciyar Tirumoli, a poem of 143 verses. Tirumoli, literally meaning “sacred sayings”, is a Tamil poetic style in which the work is composed. “Nacciyar” means goddess, so the title means “sacred sayings of our Goddess.” Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• While Andal’s poems predominantly revolve around her intense devotion to Lord Vishnu (Krishna), they also contain philosophical, religious, and artistic elements beyond just personal experiences. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• Hence, option (b) is correct.

Answer: b

Explanation:

• Basavanna, also known as Basaveshwara, was a saint-poet, social reformer, and philosopher who lived in the 12th century. He spoke out against caste, class, and gender inequality.
• During the rule of the Kalyani Chalukya/Kalachuri dynasty, Basavanna was a Hindu Shaivite social reformer who was a Lingayat saint in the Shiva-centered Bhakti movement.
• He is also known as Bhakti Bhandari (literally, the treasurer of devotion).
• Basavanna emphasized work as a means of spiritual devotion. Basavanna promoted the Kayaka doctrine, which viewed work as a form of spiritual devotion. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• He denied the superiority of Sanskrit in literature. Basavanna composed his works in Kannada (Vachanas) and rejected the notion that Sanskrit was superior for literary expression. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Basavanna firmly believed in the idea of a caste-free society where everyone had an equal opportunity to succeed. He founded the AnubhavaMantapa, a Lingayata academy of mystics, saints, and philosophers, to accomplish the noble goal. It acted as a place for ideas regarding universal human values and ethics. Anubhava Mantapa has been referred to as “The First Religious Parliament of the World” by the late Dr S. Radhakrishnan, a prominent philosopher and former president of India. It served as an academy for mystics, saints, and philosophers to discuss religious and philosophical matters. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• The Sharana movement led by Basavanna was actually radical and egalitarian, challenging caste distinctions and advocating for social change. It was not conservative. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

• Ulatbasha, a term originating from the spiritual and philosophical poetry of Kabir, embodies a profound literary technique that subverts conventional meanings to convey deeper truths.
• Literally translating to “upside-down sayings,” ulatbasha represents a form of linguistic paradox, where everyday notions are inverted or contradicted.
• In Kabir’s poetry, ulatbasha serves as a powerful tool for expressing the ineffable nature of spiritual experiences and philosophical insights. Through these paradoxical expressions, Kabir challenges the reader’s preconceptions, inviting them to transcend ordinary understanding and contemplate the mysteries of existence.
• Ulatbasha, or “upside-down sayings,” refers to expressions in Kabir’s poetry where everyday meanings are inverted or paradoxical.

Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Option (a) is correct: The ADITI scheme for the period 2023-24 to 2025-26 falls under the iDEX (Innovations for Defence Excellence) framework of Department of Defence Production (DDP), Ministry of Defence.

It aims to develop about 30 deep-tech critical and strategic technologies in the proposed timeframe.

It also envisages to create a ‘Technology Watch Tool’ to bridge the gap between the expectations and requirements of the modern Armed Forces and the capabilities of the defence innovation ecosystem.

In the first edition of ADITI, 17 challenges – Indian Army (3), Indian Navy (5), Indian Air Force (5) and Defence Space Agency (4) – have been launched.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Galactic tides are caused by gravitational forces within a galaxy, arising in the interactions between celestial objects like stars and gas clouds. These tidal forces influence various aspects of a galaxy’s evolution.

Statement 2 is correct: They can reshape a galaxy structure by creating tidal tails and bridges, promoting star formation, and disrupting smaller star systems.

Statement 3 is not correct: Galactic tides also affect the supermassive black holes at galaxy centres, leading to events that change the ways in which these cosmic beasts interact with nearby stars.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Blue Flag is an exclusive eco-label or certification that is given to coastal locations around the world as a badge of environmental honour.

Statement 3 is correct: The Blue Flag programme is run by the Copenhagen, Denmark-headquartered Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE), a non-profit which, through its work, contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations.

The Blue Flag programme started in 1987, initially in Europe. Certification is awarded annually.

Statement 2 is not correct: The certification is given by an international jury comprising members of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), and International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), besides FEE.

Answer: A

Explanation:

A biosimilar and its original biologic are made from the same types of sources and have the same treatment risks and benefits.

Biosimilars are a type of biologic medication that is safe and effective for treating many illnesses.

Statement 1 is not correct: The similar biologics/biosimilars are not exactly identical to reference biologics because of the complex structure, which may be affected by minor alteration in sequences and posttranslational modifications.

Statement 2 is correct: The first biosimilar was approved and marketed in India in 2000 for hepatitis B, although no specific guideline was available at that time for the development and marketing of biosimilar in India

Statement 3 is not correct: Biosimilars approved and used in India mainly consist of the vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, insulin, and recombinant proteins. India has achieved the distinction of being the second largest supplier of vaccines in the world.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Graphene is a recently discovered material made from honeycomb sheets of carbon just one atom thick.

• Statement 1 is correct: It is a two-dimensional form (allotrope) of carbon that consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice.
• Graphene has been described as wondrous stuff of the strongest material ever tested, almost 300 times stronger than steel. It is also the best heat- and electricity-conducting material to be discovered.
• There are two main ways of producing graphene. The older, and more common way, is to break down graphite, another form of carbon, into more flatter, flake-like graphene.
• This produces graphene that is about 4-5 microns (one micron is one millionth of a metre) in width.
• Statement 2 is correct: The other, more modern method uses methane in a specially constructed reactor. The graphene produced in this manner has no size restriction.

Solution: A

Fundamental Rights and Fundamental duties are correlative and inseparable. Also, the original constitution contained only the fundamental rights and not the fundamental duties. The fundamental duties of citizens were added in the Constitution later in 1976 on the recommendation of Swaran Singh Committee. In 2002, one more Fundamental Duty was added. Although both, Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties, are inseparable, there are certain differences between them.

Solution: B

The Great Lakes also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada– United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. They consist of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.

Solution: B.

Universal banking is a system in which banks provide a wide variety of financial services, including commercial and investment services. Banks in a universal system may still choose to specialize in a subset of banking service, even though they technically offer much more to their client base. The second Narasimham committee of 1998 gave an introductory remark on the concept of the Universal banking. However, the concept of Universal Banking conceptualized in India after the SH Khan Committee recommended it as a different concept. Once the Financial Institution becomes a universal Bank, it would be compliant with the CRR and SLR requirements of the RBI.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: C

All the statements are correct.

Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the utilization of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, and/or biomaterials to fabricate biomedical parts, often with the aim of imitating natural tissue characteristics. Generally, 3D bioprinting can utilize a layer-by-layer method to deposit materials known as bioinks to create tissue-like structures that are later used in various medical and tissue engineering fields.

There are many applications for 3D bioprinting in the medical field. An infant patient with a rare respiratory disease known as tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) was given a tracheal splint that was created with 3D printing. 3D bioprinting can be used to reconstruct tissue from various regions of the body

Solution: B

Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs, sustaining in the coastal regions of the planet. These trees grow in low-oxygen soil with slow-moving water.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect

These ecosystems of tropical and subtropical inter-tidal regions bordering the sheltered sea coasts and estuaries, they stabilize the shoreline and act as a bulwark against encroachments by the sea.

Solution: c)

Justification: The Supreme Court, in a recent judgement, clarified that to constitute an offence under Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code, the essential requirement is to incite enmity and disharmony among different groups or communities.

Section 153A of the IPC penalizes actions that promote hostility between groups based on religion, caste, race, etc. Offenders spreading hate or disharmony through words, images, or actions face imprisonment for up to three years, fines, or both. If the offence occurs in a place of worship, the punishment can increase to five years in prison.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-march-2024/

Solution: a)

Justification:

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-march-2024/

Solution: c)

Justification: Seven countries – Ecuador, India, Kenya, Laos, Philippines, Uruguay, and Vietnam – have initiated a program called the Financing Agrochemical Reduction and Management Programme (FARM) to address pollution from pesticides and plastics in agriculture.

This initiative aims to combat the release of toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment caused by the use of harmful chemicals in farming.

FARM, led by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) with support from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), intends to shift financial incentives towards farmers to adopt low- and non-chemical alternatives, promoting sustainable practices.

By phasing out hazardous pesticides and Agri-plastics and encouraging better management standards, the program aims to prevent the release of over 51,000 tons of hazardous pesticides and 20,000 tons of plastic waste, while also reducing carbon dioxide emissions and protecting over 3 million hectares of land.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/25/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-25-march-2024/

Solution: a)

Justification: Bima Sugam functions as an e-commerce platform where insurance companies can offer their products, providing customers with an end-to-end digital journey.

It eliminates paperwork by offering policies in electronic format and allows customers to access all their policies – life, health, and non-life insurance – in one application or window.

Bima Sugam is expected to make insurance policies more affordable by reducing commissions paid to intermediaries, potentially leading to lower premiums for policyholders.

Additionally, it offers a unified platform for policy issuance, claim settlement, and service requests, contributing to transparency and collaboration in the insurance sector.

Q Source: March current events

Solution: c)

Justification: India has criticized the Uniting for Consensus (UfC) model at the United Nations for opposing reforms to the Security Council, stating concerns over a lack of representation from Africa and the Global South, and no change in permanent seat membership.

The Uniting for Consensus (UfC), also known as the Coffee Club, emerged in the 1990s as a movement opposing the expansion of permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.

This model is supported by a group of countries, primarily including Italy, China, Argentina, and Pakistan, among others.

UfC argues that increasing the number of permanent members could lead to decreased efficiency and effectiveness in decision-making within the Security Council.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/23/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-23-march-2024/

Ans. C.

The passage focusses on the skill gap that needs to be addressed to make us future ready. A is correct but is not the most crucial inference as it signifies nothing. B is unrelated to the central idea of the passage. D is  not capturing the message that is being conveyed in the passage. If reskilling is not done, there will be job losses.

Ans. D.

Only statement I is not true as the many parts of the country suffer from the problem but not all. For instance, eastern part of the country is relatively abundant in groundwater reserves.

Answer: b

The passage talks about the falling groundwater levels. The special focus is on the inefficient utilisation of groundwater in farm sector. Hence the logical corollary would be to take steps to ensure efficient utilisation of groundwater in farm sector. Hence B

Answer (C) Rs.14000

Let the amount be x.

After 1 year the amount becomes 1.1x out of which 4400 is repaid.

Interest for second year = 20% of (1.1x-4400)

(1.1x-4400)/5 = 11/7 (1.1x-x)

7.7x-30800 = 55(0.1x)

2.2x = 30800

x = 14000

Rs 14000 was lent initially

Answer: C

Let principal = P, rate of interest = r %

CI earned at the end of three years = P(1 + r)³ – P = 1456

=> P(3r² + 3r + r³) = 1456

CI earned at the end of two years = P(1 + r)² – P = 880

=> P(r² + 2r) = 880

Dividing one by the other we get: 3r²+3r+r³ / r²+2r

= 1456/880

We can cancel ‘r’ and solve the resulting quadratic. However, let us see if we can spot something in the numbers.

1456/880

= 728/440

Remember that the amounts at the end of three years and two years are linked to (1 + r) ³ and (1 + r) ² respectively.

Now observe that 1728 = 12³ and 144 is 12².

So, 728/440 = 1728−1000 / 1440−1000

= 1.728−1/1.440−1

=>r = 20%

The question is ” Compute the principal invested.”

Rs. 2,000 is the principal amount.

Using options you can compute the principal amount

Hence, the answer is Rs. 2000.

Choice C is the correct answer.