UPSC STATIC QUIZ – History : 31 January 2024

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

In 1838, to protect the interests of the landlords, the Zamindari Association (popularly known as the Landholders’ Society) was established by Dwarkanath Tagore in Bengal.

The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London.

In 1872, Anand Mohan Bose formed an Indian Society in London to foster the spirit of nationalism among the Indian residents in Britain. Later, this organisation became an important platform for Indians to voice their demands.

Solution: c)

It was in South Africa that Mahatma Gandhi first forged the distinctive techniques of non-violent protest known as satyagraha.

The India that Mahatma Gandhi came back to in 1915 was rather different from the one that he had left in 1893. Although still a colony of the British, it was far more active in a political sense.

The Indian National Congress now had branches in most major cities and towns. Through the Swadeshi movement of 1905-07 it had greatly broadened its appeal among the middle classes.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

August Offer (August 1940) which proposed:

• dominion status as the objective for India;
• expansion of viceroy’s executive council which would have a majority of Indians (who would be drawn from major political parties);
• setting up of a constituent assembly after the war where mainly Indians would decide the constitution

according to their social, economic and political conceptions, subject to fulfilment of the obligation of the government regarding defence, minority rights, treaties with States, all India services; and

● no future constitution to be adopted without the consent of minorities.

Solution: b)

The Polygar Wars or Palaiyakkarar Wars were fought between the Polygars of the former Tirunelveli Kingdom in Tamil Nadu and the British East India Company forces between 1799 to 1805 over pending taxes, oppressive land revenue system etc.

The British finally won after carrying out gruelling protracted jungle campaigns against the Polygar armies and finally defeated them.

The British victory over the Polygars brought large parts of the territories of Tamil Nadu under British control, enabling them to get a strong hold in Southern India.

Solution: c)

Option 3 is incorrect.

From Macaulay minute to Wood’s dispatch to several commissions like Sadler commission, 1904 Indian education policy etc., has built the foundation for the Indian education system during the colonial period.