[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 2 January 2024

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• There are some units of the Indian Union which enjoy very little power. These are areas which are too small to become an independent State but which could not be merged with any of the existing States. These areas, like Chandigarh, or Lakshadweep or the capital city of Delhi, are called Union Territories. These territories do not have the powers of a State. The Central Government has special powers in running these areas. Therefore, option 3 has no connection with the Principle of federalism.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/fiscal-federalism-distribution-of-funds-from-centre-to-states/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Article 256 of the Constitution obligates the State government to ensure implementation of the laws made by Parliament. If the State government fails to do so, the Government of India is empowered to give “such directions to a State as may appear… to be necessary”. The refusal to enforce the law even after the Centre issues directions would empower the President to impose President’s Rule in those States under Articles 356 and 365. The Supreme Court of India has also confirmed this reading of the law in S.R. Bommai v. Union of India — arguably the most significant case on Indian federalism.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/fiscal-federalism-distribution-of-funds-from-centre-to-states/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: Gujarat set a Guinness World Record with over 50,000 people performing ‘Surya Namaskar’ simultaneously at 108 venues.
• The main event took place at Modhera Sun Temple in Mehsana
• In the north-western parts of India including Gujarat and Rajasthan, Solanki school or Maru-Gurjara style developed under the patronage of the Solanki rulers.
• The temple walls were devoid of any carvings. A unique feature of this school is the presence of a step-tank, known as surya-kund in the proximity of the temple. Example: Modhera Sun temple, Gujarat.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/surya-namaskar/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The temple is attributed to king Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty about 1250 CE.
• It is a classic illustration of the Odisha style of Architecture or Kalinga architecture..
• The new ₹10 denomination banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series bear signature of the Governor, Reserve Bank of India. The note has the motif of ‘Sun Temple, Konark’ on the reverse, depicting the country’s cultural heritage.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/surya-namaskar/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: On January 1, 1948, Kharsawan in present-day Jharkhand witnessed a massacre similar to the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
• During a protest against the merger of Kharsawan with Orissa, police opened fire on a gathering of Adivasis, killing hundreds or possibly thousands.
• Background:
  • The demand for a separate tribal state had been ongoing since 1912, gaining momentum over the years.
  • Kharsawan’s merger with Orissa triggered the protest, with over 50,000 tribals assembling, expecting leader Jaipal Munda.
  • However, his absence led to unrest, and police fired on the crowd, resulting in numerous casualties.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/the-kharsawan-massacre-of-1948/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• April 13 saw celebrations for the Sikh festival of Baisakhi, which marks the onset of Spring and the harvest of winter crops. Simultaneously, the movement for independence from British rule had been steadily gaining ground.
• By 4 pm, many gathered for a public meeting against the arrest of Dr Satyapal and Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew for opposing the Rowlatt Act.
• Without giving the crowd any warning to disperse, Dyer ordered his troops to fire.
• Indian leaders expressed their anger and protested in response to the killings. Notably, Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore gave up his knighthood.
• A Committee named Hunter Committee was set up to investigate the Jallianwala bagh incident.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/the-kharsawan-massacre-of-1948/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: The Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (Divyangjan) is set to inaugurate the Divya Kala Mela 2023 in Bengaluru.
• ‘Divya Kala Melas’ organized across India is part of the initiative to empower Persons with Disabilities (PwD) during the year 2023-2024.
• About Divya Kala Mela:
  • Around 100 Divyang artisans from 20 states/UTs will display their products in categories such as home décor, clothing, stationery, eco-friendly items, packaged food, organic products, toys, gifts, and personal accessories.
  • The Mela will also feature cultural activities and performances by Divyangjan artists, providing a platform for marketing and showcasing their skills.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/divya-kala-mela-2023/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: A new version of the ‘Chameleon Trojan’ malware has been discovered by security researchers, capable of disabling biometric authentication methods such as fingerprint and face unlock to steal a phone’s PIN.
• Statement 1 is false: Malware can be installed through various methods, including infected emails, USB drives, software vulnerabilities, and even legitimate-looking apps.
• Statement 2 is true: Viruses are a specific type of malware that self-replicates, while other types, like spyware, ransomware, and worms, have different functionalities.
• Statement 3 is false: No security software is foolproof. Anti-virus can significantly reduce the risk, but staying vigilant and practicing safe online habits are crucial.
• Statement 4 is true: Malware can have a wide range of harmful effects, from stealing data and hijacking systems to compromising financial information and even damaging hardware.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/chameleon-trojan/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: A team of researchers in Kerala has identified the presence of the Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) in the state for the first time, specifically at Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Idukki.
• About Chinar WLS:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/chinnar-wildlife-sanctuary-kerala/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• S1: Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra) are primarily freshwater mammals. They inhabit rivers, lakes, and other freshwater habitats, not saltwater environments.
  • It prefers the open areas of the streams and also lives along the coast in salt water, but requires regular access to fresh water to clean its fur.
• S2: The diet of Eurasian Otters is mainly carnivorous, consisting of fish, amphibians, crustaceans, and occasionally small mammals. They are not herbivores and do not primarily consume vegetation.
• About Otters:
  • Otters, belonging to the Mustelidae family with 13 species, inhabit every continent except Australia and Antarctica. The Eurasian otter is categorized as ‘near threatened’ on the IUCN Red List. Recognized as a flagship species, it serves as an indicator of high-quality aquatic habitats.
  • The Eurasian otter holds the broadest range in the world, but it faces persecution in countries like India, China, and Nepal, leading to a decline in populations due to hunting, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change.
  • This discovery adds a new member to Kerala’s mammal list, making it the third species of otter found in the state, alongside the Smooth-coated Otter and Small-clawed Otter.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/02/chinnar-wildlife-sanctuary-kerala/