[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 28 December 2023

Ans: (b)

Explanation:Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY)

• Skill development initiative by the Ministry of External Affairs in partnership with the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. Focuses on training and certifying the Indian workforce for overseas employment.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/indian-labour-demand-in-foreign-country/

Ans: (d)

Explanation: What is conscience?

• Conscience refers to an individual’s internal moral and ethical awareness, guiding their sense of right and wrong.
• What is a conscientious objector?
  • It is an individual who refuses to perform military service based on their conscience, often for ideological or religious reasons.
  • The concept gained international recognition through declarations such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which emphasizes the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/conscientious-objector/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: Veer Bal Diwas, which is observed on December 26 commemorate the martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh’s younger sons, Sahibzada Zorawar Singh and Sahibzada Fateh Singh , along with their grandmother Mata Gujari.
• This day was officially designated as Veer Bal Diwas by the Indian government in January 2022.
• Background:
  • In December 1704, during the battle of Chamkaur, the Mughals and hill kings attacked Anandpur Sahib.
  • Guru Gobind Singh’s family was separated during the chaos, with the elder sons sacrificing their lives in Chamkaur.
  • The younger sons and their grandmother were imprisoned, and despite offers to convert to Islam, they refused and were bricked alive.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/veer-bal-diwas/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:’

• Context: Scientists from the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) have conducted decade-long ionospheric observations at Bharati station in Antarctica, revealing significant seasonal variations in ionospheric density.
• Option B: This statement is partially correct but incomplete. While cosmic rays contribute to ionization in the ionosphere, the primary source of ionization comes from solar radiation, particularly ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun.
• Option C: This statement is correct. One of the key features of the ionosphere is its ability to reflect radio waves. This property allows for long-distance communication via the reflection and refraction of radio signals in the ionized layers.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/ionosphere/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• It was established in 1960 at the Baghdad Conference by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela, is an intergovernmental organization with key members including Algeria, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, and the United Arab Emirates.
• The organization’s primary objective is to coordinate and unify petroleum policies among member countries, ensuring fair and stable prices for petroleum producers and maintaining an efficient, economic, and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations. With its headquarters in Vienna, Austria, OPEC holds significant global influence, possessing over 80% of the world’s total crude oil reserves.

Refer:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/angola-leaves-opec/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: This statement is incorrect. While OPEC+ does include oil-producing countries, it is not exclusive to them. The “+” in OPEC+ refers to the additional non-OPEC countries, such as Russia and others, that collaborate with OPEC to manage oil production and prices.
• S2: This statement is correct. OPEC+ works to stabilize and manage oil prices through coordinated production adjustments. Member countries collaborate to regulate the global oil market by controlling their oil production levels.
• S3: This statement is correct. Russia is a key member of OPEC+. The collaboration between OPEC and non-OPEC oil-producing countries, especially Russia, became known as OPEC+ to highlight the expanded partnership beyond OPEC.
• S4: This statement is incorrect. OPEC+ is an extension of OPEC, where OPEC member countries work in conjunction with non-OPEC countries, particularly Russia. OPEC and OPEC+ operate collaboratively to influence oil production and prices on the global market.
• OPEC+ represents approximately 40% of world oil production, comprising OPEC and 10 other major oil-exporting nations, including Russia. The organization regulates crude oil prices through mechanisms like spot or future sales, using Brent Crude as a benchmark for quality, with WTI (West Texas Intermediate) being another major Benchmark.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/angola-leaves-opec/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• It is a country on the west-central coast of Southern Africa. Bordered by Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/angola-leaves-opec/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Statement 2 is not correct.
• Context: The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has initiated the deployment of ‘UPI Tap and Pay’ across digital payment providers.
• The UPI Tap and Pay feature is currently live on the BHIM app and Paytm for limited users.
• Features of UPI tap and pay:
  • It utilizes near-field communication (NFC) technology to capture a payee’s UPI ID or Virtual Payment Address (VPA), eliminating the need for a camera.
  • The feature can only be accessed on phones or devices with NFC capability.
  • Users need to locate the ‘Tap & Pay’ button on their UPI app, and the transaction is completed by tapping the device on the UPI Smart Tag/Smart QR.
  • Transactions up to ₹500 are processed through UPI LITE, while those exceeding ₹500 require a UPI PIN.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/upi-tap-and-pay/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: This statement is correct. Near-Field Communication (NFC) requires physical proximity or contact between devices (usually within 4 cm of each other) to establish a connection. This close proximity enhances security and is a defining characteristic of NFC.
• S2: This statement is correct. NFC operates over short distances, typically within a range of a few centimeters. This short-range communication makes NFC suitable for secure data transmission, as it reduces the risk of unauthorized access compared to longer-range technologies.
• S3: NFC is not primarily used for high-bandwidth data transfer. While it is suitable for transmitting small amounts of data, such as contactless payments or sharing information between devices, it is not designed for the high-speed, high-bandwidth requirements of some other wireless technologies.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/upi-tap-and-pay/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: The Central Zoo Authority (CZA) has approved the transfer of a cheetah, African lion, and Chimpanzee from Dubai Safari Park to Nandankanan Zoological Park (NZP) in Odisha.
  • The NZP, in exchange, will provide various animals including Hippopotamus, blackbuck, hog deer, gaur, red junglefowl, and gharial.
• About Nandankanan Zoological Park
  • It is located 15 km from Bhubaneswar, Odisha, and was inaugurated in 1960. It holds the distinction of being the first zoo in India to join the World Association of Zoos & Aquariums (WAZA), a global alliance dedicated to animal care and conservation. Recognized for breeding Indian pangolins and white tigers, it is also a breeding ground for leopards, mouse deer, lions, ratel, and vultures. Nandankanan was the world’s first captive crocodile breeding centre, successfully breeding gharials in captivity in 1980.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/28/nandankanan-zoological-park-nzp-odisha/