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General Studies – 1
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
1. How is smog formed? Examine its impact in detail and ways to mitigate it. (150 words)
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the mechanism of formation of smog, factors aiding formation of smog and its impact.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Introduction:
Begin by defining smog.
Body:
First, write about the mechanism that leads to the formation of smog in the atmosphere.
Next, write about smog and the factors that result in the formation of smog.
Next, mention the adverse impact of smog on – weather, health, transportation, buildings, plants etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning steps to overcome the adverse effects of smog.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: cosmosmagazine.com
Why the question:
Our world is undoubtedly warming. But while we try and turn the ship around, the permafrost slowly melts, uncovering more and more organisms and compounds from under the ice
Key Demand of the question:
To write about permafrost, its global distribution and impact of its thawing.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining permafrost.
Body:
First, with a map, show the major areas of the world that are covered with permafrost.
Next, write about the thawing of permafrost under the impact of global warming.
Next, write about the impact of thawing of permafrost – Thawing permafrost can raise water levels in Earth’s oceans and increase erosion, resurrecting trapped pathogens, giving rise to potential public health threats etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to handle the above challenges.
Topic: Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
The Lok Sabha speaker and Rajya Sabha chairman need to conduct proceedings in a non-partisan way.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of having non-partisan house leaders and suggest steps to ensure their neutrality.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Mention the role of the House leaders — the Speaker and the Rajya Sabha chairman as envisaged by the constitution – their roles and responsibility.
Body:
Write about how over the recent year’s house leaders have acted in political manner with respect to discharge of their constitutional duties. Cite examples from the parliament.
Suggest reforms to ensure the house leaders remains independent, impartial and performs his duty according to ideals guided by the constitution and not any political affiliations.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
The article discusses the threat posed by invasive plant species to India’s natural ecosystems.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the threats posed by invasive alien species and ways to tackle their spread.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by explaining the term invasive alien species.
Body:
First, Explain the various threats posed by them. Provide examples and present the scenario of harm posed by invasive species in India – threaten cultivable land and wildlife habitats alike, may lead to the conversion of marshy wetlands into dry land. E.g.: water hyacinth, spread into the forests through the corridors created by landslides, affect the soil and destroy the microhabitat of that area
Next, Write about the various government policies and programmes in this direction. Their successes and limitations. Suggest step to tackle the invasive species.
Conclusion:
Conclude with solutions to address the issue.
Topic: Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
Human trafficking is the modern version of the olden-day slave trade. Suspicion of it explains why French authorities detained a Nicaragua-bound aircraft over the weekend at Vatry airport, 150km from Paris, and put its passengers to questioning before letting it take-off.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the challenges faced in combating human trafficking and to evaluate the importance of long-term approaches in effectively curbing trafficking.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context regarding the issue of human trafficking and its global prevalence.
Body:
First, Challenges in Combatting Human Trafficking – Identify and analyze the challenges faced by governments, law enforcement agencies, and civil society in addressing trafficking. Role of poverty, lack of education, and unemployment in perpetuating trafficking. Write about the complexities of investigating and prosecuting traffickers and the protection of victims.
Next, write about the Importance of Long-Term Strategies – education, and awareness campaigns can create a lasting impact, importance of international cooperation and the role of legal frameworks, Victim- Centred Approaches etc.
Next, write the downside of increased capital expenditure programmes – higher inflation, higher fiscal deficit etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: challenges of corruption.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2024 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of fighting corruption.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving importance of having a corruptionless public service delivery.
Body:
Write about the importance of fighting corruption – creates jobs, achieves gender equality, and secures wider access to essential services such as healthcare and education etc. Substantiate with examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning various
Topic: Work culture.
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2024 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about components of ethical workplace and ways to build it.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by describing the ethical work culture.
Body:
Write about the major components of ethical work culture – priority to employee rights, fair procedures, and equity in pay and promotion, and that promotes tolerance, compassion, loyalty and honesty in the treatment of customers and employees.
Next, write about ways to build ethical workplace culture and environment.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
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