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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Iceland is one of the most volcanically active regions on the planet. It witnesses an eruption every four to five years. However, since 2021, the frequency has spiked to almost one eruption per year.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the volcano formation and its types with suitable examples and reasons for high volcanic activity in Iceland.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define what Volcanoes are.
Body:
First, write about the process of volcano formation in detail.
Next, write about types of volcanoes with suitable diagrams and descriptions. Present the various landforms associated with it. Both intrusive and extrusive.
Next, write about reasons for high volcanic activity in Iceland.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of incorporating the impact of climate change in our urban development plans and taking steps to tackle it.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, in brief, how climate change is impacting modern cities and its predicted impact in the future. Substantiate with examples. Also, mention how the progress made so far maybe be nullified due to the impact of climate change.
Next, write about the steps that are needed in this regard to address it – Climate planning and city planning, Stakeholders and participation, Vulnerability assessment, Monitoring and evaluation etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Recently, President Droupadi Murmu suggested that an All-India Judicial Service (AIJS) will help diversify the judiciary.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the feasibility of All India Judicial Service as a reform in recruitment and appointment to the subordinate judicial services in India.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the giving context of All India Judicial services in brief.
Body:
First, present brief history of the origin of the idea of AIJS.
Next, write about advantages of the above – Merit-Based Selection, Equal Opportunity for Bright Youngsters, Reducing Nepotism and Political Influence, and Enhancing Inclusivity etc.
Next, write about disadvantages of creating AIJS – Resistance and Autonomy of judiciary, Potential for Bias in Standardization, Implementation Challenges etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a balanced opinion.
General Studies – 3
Topic: money laundering and its prevention.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The enforcement of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 has caused much consternation especially after its unusual interpretation by the Supreme Court of India in Vijay Madanlal Choudhary and Ors vs Union of India and Ors. (2022).
Key Demand of the question:
To write successes and limitations of PMLA in achieving its stated objectives and misuse of the law by enforcement agencies.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the aims and objectives of PMLA.
Body:
In the first part, write about the various features of PMLA – its successes and limitations when it comes to holding the launderers accountable.
Next, abuse of authority by the central investigating agencies and the abuse of the process of court as per PMLA.
Next, write about the measures that are needed to tackle it.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of CDS to the nation’s security and reforms needed in the post of CDS.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the rationale behind creation of the post of CDS.
Body:
In the first part, mention his role – he will be the single-point military adviser to the government as suggested by the Kargil Review Committee in 1999.
Next, Mention the roles and responsibilities of CDS – oversees and coordinates the working of the three Services, ensure the Army, Navy and IAF, which often pull in different directions, truly integrate to slash wasteful expenditure amidst the ongoing severe fund crunch for military modernization.
Next, write about the various limitations associated with CDS in its shorts existence and steps needed to overcome them.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity;
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2024 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about importance of probity for an organisation.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining what is Probity.
Body:
Argue on the lines that for a moral society, it is necessary for all the stakeholders- the government, the corporate and the civil society must express the highest levels of probity in public life. Congruence and alignment of morality among the stakeholders is a major prerequisite to ensure a harmonious and ethic al existence of all the players promoting a just society. Illustrate the same with suitable examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by saying that Probity is one of the main pillars for a just society.
Topic: Philosophical basis of governance and probity
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2024 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the attributes of ethical governance.
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining ethical governance.
Body:
Write about the various attributes of ethical governance – ethical behaviours, processes, procedures, culture, ways of doing and being that ensure high standards of performance, economy, effectiveness, efficiency, quality and satisfaction etc. Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
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