[Mission 2024] STATIC QUIZ, 21 December 2023 – Polity

Solution: d)

The parliamentary system is based on the principle of cooperation and co-ordination between the legislative and executive organs while the presidential system is based on the doctrine of separation of powers between the two organs.

Even though the Indian Parliamentary System is largely based on the British pattern, there are some fundamental differences between the two. For example, the Indian Parliament is not a sovereign body like the British Parliament. Further, the Indian State has an elected head (republic) while the British State has hereditary head (monarchy).

Solution: c)

The Doctrine of Basic Structure is a form of judicial review that is used to test the legality of any legislation by the courts. The Constitution of India does not define the basic structure, it is a judicial innovation.

The doctrine was evolved by the Supreme Court in the 1973 landmark ruling in Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala. In a 7-6 verdict, a 13-judge Constitution Bench ruled that the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution is inviolable, and could not be amended by Parliament.

In the Kesavananda ruling, the Supreme Court cited several aspects of the Constitution that could be identified as “basic features” of the document but added that it was not an exhaustive list.

For example, judicial review, rule of law, federalism, and democratic republic structure are identified as basic features.

Solution: a)

Only statement 2 is correct.

These rights are not available to the foreigners (friendly aliens).

• Right against discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15).
• Right to equality of opportunity in the matter of public employment (Article 16).
• Right to freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and profession (Article 19).
• Cultural and educational rights (Articles 29 and 30).
• Right to vote in elections to the Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly.
• Right to contest for the membership of the Parliament and the state legislature.
• Eligibility to hold certain public offices, that is, President of India, Vice-President of India, judges of the Supreme Court and the high courts, governor of states, attorney general of India and advocate general of states.

Solution: d)

The doctrine of “essentiality” was invented by a seven-judge Bench of the Supreme Court in the ‘Shirur Mutt’ case in 1954. The court held that the term “religion” will cover all rituals and practices “integral” to a religion, and took upon itself the responsibility of determining the essential and non-essential practices of a religion.

The “doctrine of essentiality” is often used in relation to Article 25.

Solution: b)

Equal pay for equal work for men and women is one of the element/features of DPSP.

No person shall be a citizen of India by virtue of article 5, or be deemed to be a citizen of India by virtue of article 6 or article 8, if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of any foreign State.