[Mission 2024] QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 15 December 2023

Solution: d)

India’s own initiatives include the Green Grids Initiative (GGI) and One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG).

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Solution: c)

What is a company limited by guarantee?

A company limited by guarantee is one in which, if the company goes bankrupt, those running it only have to pay a sum they had guaranteed to pay when it was set up.

The Companies Act, 2013, says, “Company limited by guarantee means a company having the liability of its members limited by the memorandum to such amount as the members may respectively undertake to contribute to the assets of the company in the event of its being wound up.”

Put very simply, such a company has no shareholders, but is owned by a group of people called members or guarantors. When coming together to form the company, these members pledge to pay a certain amount — usually not a large amount — in case it is wound up. Their liability, if the company fails, is limited to this amount.

Usually, this structure is put in place for charitable organisations and non-profits, where any profit earned by the company is re-invested into the business. The members or guarantors can seek donations and funds in the name of the company, but if it fails, they are shielded from the debts it may have accrued.

Solution: c)

The environment performs four vital functions (i) it supplies resources: resources here include both renewable and non-renewable resources. (ii) it assimilates waste (iii) it sustains life by providing genetic and bio diversity and (iv) it also provides aesthetic services like scenery etc. The environment is able to perform these functions without any interruption as long as the demand on these functions is within its carrying capacity. This implies that the resource extraction is not above the rate of regeneration of the resource and the wastes generated are within the assimilating capacity of the environment.

Absorptive capacity means the ability of the environment to absorb degradation.

Solution: a)

When compared to Earth, the moon is significantly depleted of volatile elements such as sodium. “The amount of volatiles on the moon today can be used to test formation scenarios of the Earth-Moon system.

Sodium is the only element apart from potassium that can be observed through telescopes in the lunar atmosphere (its exosphere).

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

India has committed to certain targets to reduce carbon emissions in view of global climate concerns. In the COP26 Summit, in 2021, India had committed to reducing total carbon emissions by one billion tonnes between 2021 to 2030 and achieving the target of net zero emissions by 2070. It is also placing an emphasis on the use of electric vehicles and ethanol-based and hydrogen fuels.

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