[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 14 December 2023

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Context: The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) Summit in New Delhi concluded with representatives from 28 countries and the European Union adopting the ‘New Delhi Declaration.’

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/global-partnership-on-artificial-intelligence-gpai-2/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Under UAPA, both Indian and foreign nationals can be charged.
• It will be applicable to the offenders in the same manner, even if the crime is committed in a foreign land, outside India.
• It has the death penalty and life imprisonment as the highest punishments.
• Under the UAPA, the investigating agency can file a charge sheet in maximum of 180 days after the arrests and the duration can be extended further after intimating the court.
• As per amendments of 2019: The Act empowers the Director General of National Investigation Agency (NIA)to grant approval of seizure or attachment of property when the case is investigated by the said agency.
• The Act empowers the officers of the NIA, of the rank of Inspector or above, to investigate cases of terrorism in addition to those conducted by the DSP or ACP or above rank officer in the state.
• It also included the provision of designating an individual as a terrorist.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/issues-with-uapa/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy advocating for the abolition of the state and the privatization of law and order through free-market competition among private companies.
• Anarcho-capitalism places a significant emphasis on the protection of private property rights as a fundamental aspect of individual liberty and free-market interactions.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/anarcho-capitalism/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy advocating for the abolition of the state and the privatization of law and order through free-market competition among private companies.
• Anarcho-capitalists argue that security services, like other services, can be provided by private firms competing in a free market, allowing individuals to choose the security services that best align with their preferences.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/anarcho-capitalism/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy advocating for the abolition of the state and the privatization of law and order through free-market competition among private companies.
• Anarcho-capitalism is unique among anarchist ideologies in that it supports free-market capitalism and the protection of private property rights as essential components of a functioning society.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/anarcho-capitalism/

Ans: (a )

Explanation:

• Context: The Indian government issues new guidelines mandating prior approval from competent authorities, such as ministry secretaries or the cabinet secretary for higher officials, for government employees accepting awards from private organizations.
• The Cabinet Secretariat functions directly under the Prime Minister. The administrative head of the Secretariat is the Cabinet Secretary who is also the ex-officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board. The business allocated to Cabinet Secretariat under Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 includes (i) Secretarial assistance to the Cabinet and Cabinet Committees; and (ii) Rules of Business.
• The Cabinet Secretariat is responsible for the administration of the Government of India (Transaction of Business) Rules, 1961 and Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 facilitating smooth transaction of business in Ministries/ Departments. The Secretariat assists in decision-making in Government by ensuring Inter-Ministerial coordination, ironing out differences amongst Ministries/Departments and evolving consensus through the instrumentality of the standing/adhoc Committees of Secretaries. Management of major crisis situations in the country and coordinating activities of various ministries in such a situation is also one of the functions of the Cabinet Secretariat.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/acceptance-of-awards-from-private-organizations/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Context: The recent judgments from Justice Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy of the Madras High Court raised concerns regarding exclusions to patentability in pharmaceutical and medical patents under Section 3 of the Patents Act, 1970, in India.
• Chapter II, Section 3 of the Indian Patents Act stipulates what is not considered an invention under the law and is therefore not patentable in India:
  • inventions being frivolous or contrary to public order, morality, public health, the environment, etc.
  • scientific discoveries
  • mere discoveries of new forms of known substances
  • methods of agriculture or horticulture
  • diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals
  • plants and animals other than micro-organisms
  • mathematical or business methods or computer programs per se or algorithms
  • literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any other aesthetic creation
  • schemes, rules or methods of performing mental acts or methods of playing games
  • presentations of information
  • topography of integrated circuits
  • traditional knowledge
• Inventions relating to atomic energy are not patentable either.
• Refer: https://ipindia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/ev/sections/ps3.html

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/patent-exclusions/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• S1: There are many other web browsers available, such as Safari, Edge, Opera, and Brave.
• S2: Web browsers are software programs that translate HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code into human-readable web pages.
• S3: Bookmarks are small files that store website addresses and names for easy future access.
• S4: Incognito mode (also called private browsing) prevents browsing history, cookies, and other temporary data from being saved on the device.
• S5: Different web browsers offer varying features and functionalities. Some may focus on privacy, speed, resource usage, or specific extensions.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/working-on-web-browsers/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Context: Diel Vertical Migration (DVM), a synchronized movement observed in deep-sea marine animals, particularly zooplankton, where they swim up to the ocean’s surface at night and return to deeper waters during the day.
• Significance of the DVM:
  • This migration serves as a survival strategy, allowing them to feed on phytoplankton in the safer darkness while avoiding daytime predators.
  • DVM is a crucial player in the Earth’s carbon cycle. Animals in the mesopelagic (middle water between 200m to 1000m ) layer actively remove carbon from the upper ocean as they consume surface-dwelling plankton. When these organisms return to deeper waters, they transport the carbon with them.
  • DVM is the largest daily migration on the planet by biomass, occurring in all oceans.
  • DVM contributes to carbon sequestration, as migratory animals become part of the food chain in the twilight zone, passing on carbon to their predators.
  • The carbon-rich waste produced by these predators eventually sinks to the ocean floor

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/diel-vertical-migration-dvm/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Context: In preparation for the annual migration season of elephants in the Valparai plateau, the Forest Department, NGOs like the Nature Conservation Foundation (NCF), and local residents are taking measures to facilitate the free movement of the elephants.
• About Annual Migration:
  • Elephants in the Valparai plateau undertake an annual migration that typically starts in September and continues until March. The elephants usually migrate from the Kerala side to the Valparai plateau (Tamil Nadu)
• What is Valparai plateau?
  • It is a region located in the Western Ghats mountain range of India, specifically in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. Valparai is a hill station known for its tea, coffee plantations, and cardamom plantations. The area serves as a crucial habitat for wildlife, including elephants that undertake an annual migration through the region. The Valparai plateau is part of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR), contributing to its biodiversity and ecological significance.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/14/valparai-plateau/