[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 8 December 2023

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Context: Major lobby groups, including the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), E-Gaming Federation (EGF), and All India Gaming Federation (AIGF), representing top online gaming companies like Dream11 and Games24x7, have voluntarily signed a code of ethics.
• A Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines that articulates the values, principles, and expectations for behavior within an organization. It often includes standards for ethical conduct, interactions with colleagues and clients, conflicts of interest, and compliance with laws and regulations. The primary aim is to foster a positive and ethical organizational culture.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/08/voluntary-code-of-ethics-by-the-online-gaming-industry/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: Major lobby groups, including the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), E-Gaming Federation (EGF), and All India Gaming Federation (AIGF), representing top online gaming companies like Dream11 and Games24x7, have voluntarily signed a code of ethics.
• A Code of Ethics is a set of principles or guidelines that outline the expected behavior and values for individuals within a specific profession. It provides a framework for ethical decision-making and establishes the standards by which professionals are judged.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/08/voluntary-code-of-ethics-by-the-online-gaming-industry/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:’

• Context: The Supreme Court of India has ruled that an arbitration agreement can be binding on non-signatory firms under the ‘group of companies’ doctrine.
• In India, though mediation finds legitimacy in some specific laws such as the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, the Companies Act, 2013, the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, there is no standalone legislation as yet.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/08/arbitration-agreement/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: Amid ongoing military attacks in Gaza, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has invoked Article 99 of the UN Charter to establish a ceasefire.
• Article 99 allows the Secretary-General to bring matters threatening international peace to the Security Council’s attention.
• The provision has been rarely invoked. Past examples include the upheaval in the Republic of the Congo in 1960 following the end of Belgium’s colonial rule and a complaint by Tunisia in 1961 against France’s naval and air forces launching an attack.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/08/article-99-of-the-un-charter/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: At COP28, the draft text for the Santiago Network, a collaborative framework to assist vulnerable developing countries in managing climate-induced loss and damage, has been adopted.
• The Santiago Network was established at COP 25 in Madrid as part of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (WIM)
• The network’s objective is to connect vulnerable developing countries with technical assistance, knowledge, and resources. The resources are needed to address climate risks, such as rising sea levels, melting glaciers, storms, and floods

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/08/santiago-network/

Ans: (b )

Explanation:

• Context: “Early Warnings for All” is an initiative aimed at providing life-saving early warning systems to protect everyone on Earth from hazardous weather, water, or climate events by the end of 2027.
• The initiative, led by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), calls for over $3 billion investment over five years to strengthen
  • Disaster risk knowledge
  • Observation and forecasting
  • Warning dissemination
  • Response capabilities
• The initiative aligns with the UN Secretary-General’s Acceleration Agenda, the Paris Agreement, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/08/early-warnings-for-all/

• Rossby waves are large-scale waves that are influenced by the rotation of the Earth (Coriolis effect). They are often associated with the jet stream, which is a fast-flowing, meandering air current in the upper atmosphere. Rossby waves play a crucial role in the development of weather patterns and can influence the movement of air masses and the formation of weather systems.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/05/cyclone-michaung/

Ans: (c)

Explanation

• S1&S2: UNDRR is part of the United Nations Secretariat and it supports the implementation & review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction adopted by the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction on 18 March 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The Sendai Framework is a 15-year voluntary people-centred approach to disaster risk reduction, succeeding the 2005-2015 framework.
• S3: UNDRR coordinates international efforts in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and it reports on the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It convenes the biennial Global Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/08/early-warnings-for-all/rganisation (IMO) assembly for the 2024–25 biennium, India was re-elected to the IMO Council with the highest vote tally.

• S1& S2:The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a United Nations specialized agency that works to improve the safety and security of international shipping. The IMO’s mission is to promote sustainable, efficient, environmentally sound, and safe shipping through cooperation.
• S3: As the IMO itself has no enforcement powers, compliance with conventions is ensured by its member states. Also IMO recommendations are not legally binding

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/05/india-re-elected-to-international-maritime-organisation/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Context: Guyana and Venezuela are in conflict over the resource-rich Essequibo region, historically claimed by both nations.
• The dispute intensified after Exxon Mobil’s 2015 oil discovery, leading to a Venezuelan referendum in December 2023, supporting Essequibo as a new province. Despite ICJ warnings, Venezuela proceeded. Guyana responded by raising its flag, alerting defence forces, and seeking international support.
• India, with diasporic ties, supports Guyana; the US backs Guyana’s sovereignty, Brazil reinforces its border, and China calls for diplomacy.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/12/08/guyana-and-venezuela/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 outlines seven clear targets and four priorities for action to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks: (i) Understanding disaster risk; (ii) Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk; (iii) Investing in disaster reduction for resilience and; (iv) Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Refer: https://www.undrr.org/implementing-sendai-framework/what-sendai-framework

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Bhavabhuti was an 8th-century scholar of India noted for his plays and poetry, written in Sanskrit. His plays are considered the equal of the works of Kalidasa. Bhavabhuti seems to have been the court poet of King Yashovarman of Kanauj and known to have been in the entourage of the king who had fought with Lalitaditya Muktapada, the king of Kashmir and had got defeated by him
• Hastimalla was 13th century Kannada poets and writers in Hoysala Empire. He wrote Purvapurana
• Kshemendra (990 – c. 1070 CE) was an 11th-century Sanskrit poet from Kashmir in India.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2021