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General Studies – 1
Topic: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent);
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express. , Insights on India
Why the question:
Though many agencies helped make it happen, the courage and tenacity of the rat-hole miners and those who worked for long hours for the cutting operations inside the pipe were truly inspirational. They are the real heroes, along with the 41 trapped workers who displayed unflagging fortitude.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about rat hole mining and issues regarding it.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining rat hole mining.
Body:
First, write in detail about what rat hole mining is – involves digging of very small tunnels, usually only 3-4 feet high, which workers (often children) enter and extract coal. Rat-hole mining is broadly of two types – side-cutting procedure, where narrow tunnels are dug on the hill slopes and workers go inside until they find the seam, box-cutting, a rectangular opening is made, varying from 10 to 100 sq m, and through that is dug a vertical pit, 100 to 400 feet deep.
Next, write about issues in the above – being unscientific and unsafe for workers. The state government has appealed the order in the Supreme Court.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a balanced opinion on the above.
General Studies – 2
Topic: India and its neighbourhood- relations.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
There seems to be a rejuvenation in the hopes for a return to democracy in Myanmar if recent events in the civil war are anything to go by. The Tatmadaw (the junta) has never had a bigger challenge until now since its February 2021 coup that ousted the National League for Democracy-led government.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of Myanmar to India’s act east policy and steps needed put Myanmar back on a democratic path.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin giving context regarding Indo-Myanmar relations.
Body:
In the first part, mention about the importance of Myanmar to India’s Act East Policy and recent developments in Myanmar. Write about its impact on India’s Act East Policy.
Next, write the various options to ensure the return of democracy in Myanmar. Using U.N and ASEAN, Bilateral diplomacy etc.
Next, write about the other measures of outreach that must be explored by India for a successful Act east policy.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India
Key Demand of the question:
India’s economy grew at 7.6% in the second quarter, which was an upside surprise. The stock market is cheering along. But GDP doesn’t tell us how well people at large are doing.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining inclusive growth and its key components.
Body:
In the first, in detail write the impediments for inclusive growth – Poverty, lack of adequate employment opportunities, lack of adequate education and skill development and governance deficit, especially in backward regions etc. Mention the impact of covid-19 pandemic on inclusive growth efforts.
Suggest measures and solutions to address these issues.
Conclusion:
Conclude that targeted policy measures addressing the above in the current scenario, with the efforts of government policies and programmes aiming at achieving targets in above key sectors can lead to inclusive growth.
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India
Why the question:
Jobs bear a weak link with economic growth and women’s workforce participation remains dismal. Indian employment grew but much of it was on account of women pushed by household distress to take jobs.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about disguised unemployment and steps needed to overcome it.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining disguised unemployment. Give an example to substantiate.
Body:
First, mention the impact of disguised unemployment on the Indian economy –does not affect aggregate economic output, productivity is low and too many workers are filling too few jobs etc.
Next, suggest measures to overcome disguised unemployment – creating additional employment with proper wages, security of tenure and social protection, upskilling and reskilling of labor force etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable (revision).
Key Demand of the question:
Directive word:
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining PPP model of investment.
Body:
First, explain the various features of the PPP model and its various types.
Next, write about the various bottlenecks in PPP model – Regulatory hurdles related to Land Acquisition, crony capitalism, wrongful risk allocation, delays and stalled projects and conflicts between the government and the contractor etc.
Suggest steps as to how to overcome them.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable (revision).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the causes of LPG reforms and its impact.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of BOP crisis of 1991.
Body:
First, write about the various factors that led to crisis of 1991.
Next, explain the Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation of the India economy and what it meant.
Next, write about the impact of LPG reforms of 1991 – write both positives and negatives for the reforms.
Conclusion:
Suggest a way forward on how to deal with the negatives.
General Studies – 4
Topic: case study.
There is pressure on the administration to keep the status quo along with ensuring that the protest dissipates quickly. The nature of protest is peaceful and as per Gandhian ideals of Satyagraha. However, the protestors are adamant that they will not budge unless action against Mr Gabbar is taken as per the law.
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- What will be course of action as the S.P?
- What measures will you take that such inadvertent lapses do not happen in the future?
- Do you think the inaction by administration makes it ethically culpable in the attack on the leader?
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Difficulty Level: Tough
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how the ideas and ideal of the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr still have an impact in India and across the world.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning about the Plato’s 4 cardinal virtues – Wisdom, Courage, Justice and Moderation.
Body:
In brief, describe the virtues of Plato and what they meant according to him. Four cardinal virtues on which rest all the remaining moral virtues.
Next, one by one, bring out the relevance of these virtues in present. Cite examples as to show how these virtues are still important.
For e.g. – Courage in times pandemic etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stressing on the overall importance of the virtues.
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