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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
Data from the Smithsonian Institution’s Global Volcanism Program suggests that 56 volcanoes erupted in the first six months of 2023. In November 2023, shifting magma under the Earth’s crust triggered hundreds of earthquakes around the town of Grindavik in Iceland, with seismologists warning the quakes could be a precursor to a volcanic eruption.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact of Volcanic eruptions and associated activities.
Directive:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the environmental effects of volcanism -Emission of gases and aerosols, Formation of volcanic ash and tephra, Creation of volcanic landforms and Impact on climate and weather patterns, Destruction of vegetation and habitats, Introduction of new species Formation of new ecosystems etc.
Next, write about effects on Human Activities – Threats to human health, Agricultural impacts, Economic consequences, Disruption of transportation and infrastructure etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning ways to deal with above.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
The article discusses the need for clarity on the roles and powers of Governors in Indian states, emphasizing the importance of a clear legal framework.
Key Demand of the question:
To critically write about the issues with respect to office of the governor and possible solutions to it.
Directive word:
Critically analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give brief introduction of the role of Governor in the Indian Polity.
Body:
First, write about the significance of the post of Governor as enshrined in the Indian constitution.
Next, discuss the issues related to abuse of post of Governor in federal polity failing to the functions impartially and efficiently and why the tag of ‘agent of centre’ is being associated with the office of governor. Substantiate with examples.
Next, Explain the misuse of discretionary powers – Article 356, Power of Reserving bill, Partisan role in Hung assemblies etc. Substantiate with examples of recent times.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article discusses the release of the 15th instalment of the PM-Kisan scheme on November 15, with opposition parties questioning the timing of the disbursement.
Key Demand of the question:
To evaluate the performance of PM-Kisan in achieving its stated objectives.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing the aims and objectives of PM Kisan.
Body:
First, in brief mention the various features of PM-Kisan.
Next, mention to what extent it has been able to achieve liquidity availability among farmers, help them access to cash in times of distress etc.
Next, mention the various limitations – exclusion errors, lack of timely disbursal, need for documentation etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The proposed criminal law seeks to increase the number of crimes attracting the death penalty from 11 to 15 in India.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the reforms needed in awarding and sentencing of capital punishment.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start giving the awarding of capital punishment in ‘rarest of rare’ case.
Body:
First, write about the various developments regarding capital punishment over the years – Bachan Singh vs State of Punjab, context death penalty.
Next, write about the various lacunae in the awarding of death penalty in Indian criminal justice.
Next, suggest reforms based on recent SC judgement and various recommendations of commissions.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
.To write about the elements of Panchamrit declaration and to suggest ways for India to achieve net zero emissions by 2070.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context regarding India’s announcement at cop-26 at Glasgow.
Body:
First, write the 5 elements of Panchamrit declaration.
Next, part suggest innovative measures that India can take to cut down emissions – mainstreaming solar, harnessing nuclear energy, moving towards EV, bio fuels, carbon capture and storage etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) potential to achieve sustainable development.
Elucidate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the aims and objectives of climate change.
Body:
Write about 8 parts of NAPCC – which are aimed at ensuring both developments and combat climate crisis. Cite examples to substantiate the points as to how they achieve convergence. Hint: National solar mission is aimed achieving energy security as well as clean energy.
Next, write about the limitation of the above to tackle climate change.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about cost of speaking the truth and being honest.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about importance of speaking truth in civil service.
Body:
With examples mentions how civil servants are targeted for speaking truth to those in power – transfers, punishment posting, threats, suspensions and even harm to their life etc.
Mention steps to protect and safeguard those who speak truth to the authorities.
Conclusion:
Conclude that truth is cover value of country and must be spoken irrespective of who it is being spoken to.
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