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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Thousands of earthquakes are shaking Iceland, raising concerns of an imminent volcanic eruption.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain the concept of earthquake swarms and explain its occurrence in the context of Iceland.
Directive:
Elucidate” means to explain or clarify a concept or idea in a clear and detailed manner.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define Earthquake swarms.
Body:
Discuss the concept in general – Earthquake swarms are a sequence of mostly small earthquakes with no identifiable main shock. Swarms are usually short-lived, but they can continue for days, weeks, or sometimes even months. They are many times too subtle for people to notice. However, it is important to note that they are not aftershocks, which happen after a large main shock.
Next, explain its occurrence in Iceland: The recent earthquake swarm in Iceland, situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is a series of numerous earthquakes, indicating potential volcanic activity due to the movement of magma beneath the Earth’s surface.
Draw diagrams to illustrate your answer
Conclusion:
Conclude with the need to understand and take measures to overcome their impact.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Polity: State Legislature and governor
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The Supreme Court, in response to a writ petition by the Punjab government, has established that Governors cannot indefinitely withhold assent to Bills passed by a State Legislature. The case involved Punjab Governor Banwarilal Purohit holding back crucial Bills on Sikh gurdwaras, police, and higher education.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain gubernatorial procrastination and its impact on governance
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly define gubernatorial procrastination as the deliberate delay or postponement by the Governor in providing assent to Bills passed by the State legislature. Cite related constitutional provisions.
Body
Impact on Governance:
Examine the repercussions of gubernatorial procrastination on the functioning of the government and the state legislature.
Case Studies and Examples:
Include specific examples or case studies, both historical and contemporary, illustrating instances of gubernatorial procrastination and their impact on governance.
Comparison with Global Practices: Draw comparisons with practices in other countries to highlight the uniqueness or commonality of gubernatorial powers in the Indian context.
Possible Solutions:
Discuss potential measures to address the issue, such as setting a reasonable time frame for gubernatorial decisions, enhancing transparency, or judicial interventions.
Conclusion:
Emphasize the need for a balanced and efficient functioning of gubernatorial powers to ensure smooth governance in India.
Topic: Governance: Criminal Justice System
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Recently, the Government has introduced three Bills to replace the core laws, i.e., the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, and the Indian Evidence Act (IEA), 1872, which form the basis of the criminal justice system
Key Demand of the question:
To examine the new bills and how they try to uphold modern concepts of jurisprudence in the criminal justice system.
Modern concepts of jurisprudence in the criminal justice system focus on reformative approaches, community involvement, and aligning laws with contemporary societal norms. They emphasize fairness, justice, and efficiency in legal processes.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly introduce the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, emphasizing their significance in the criminal justice system.
Body:
Briefly highlight with examples the issues with the present criminal justice system in India.
Next, provide a concise overview of each bill, highlighting key provisions and their intended impact on the criminal justice system.
Analyze the provisions of these bills in the context of modern jurisprudential perspectives on citizens’ safety and security; principles of human rights, proportionality, and due process.
Write a few limitations.
Conclusion:
Suggest briefly a few improvements in the proposed bill.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General Studies Paper – 3 and mentioned as part of the Mission-2024 Secure timetable.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must define key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate them with relevant associated facts.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain the measures taken in this year’s budget for ‘Green Growth’ in India.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin your answer by explaining what is ‘Green Growth’.
Body:
Show how ‘Green growth’ is a necessity for India. Next, write briefly about measures taken by India till now. Next, write measures proposed in this year’s budget.
Measures taken in the recent budget to promote green growth:
- Green growth is one of the seven priorities of saptarishi to guide India into Amrit Kaal.
- The National Mission for a Green India aims to increase forest cover on degraded lands and protect existing forested lands.
- The Green Credit Programme has the objective to “incentivize environmentally sustainable and responsive actions by companies, individuals and local bodies”.
- The Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI) is particularly significant because of the extraordinary importance of mangroves and coastal ecosystems in mitigating climate change.
- Green power: The budget for the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has also increased this year – by more than Rs 3,000 crore.
- Amrit Dharohar scheme
Write briefly about a few issues.
Conclusion:
Suggest what more needs to be done.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Medium
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General Studies Paper – 3 and mentioned as part of the Mission-2024 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyze and discuss the differences in priorities, approaches, and proposed solutions between developing and developed countries concerning the resolution of global environmental challenges.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Outline the fundamental disparities between developing and developed nations concerning their approaches to global environmental challenges.
Body:
Priorities and Challenges:
Developing Nations: These countries often face immediate socio-economic challenges Environmental issues might be secondary due to these pressing concerns.
Developed Nations: With established infrastructures and higher economic stability, these countries prioritize sustainability, emissions reduction, and advanced technological solutions to environmental problems.
Approaches to Environmental Challenges:
Developing Nations: These countries may adopt strategies that balance economic development and environmental concerns, aiming for sustainable growth. They might emphasize international aid, technology transfer, and capacity building.
Developed Nations: Emphasis on stringent regulations, technological innovation, and international collaborations for addressing environmental challenges. Their focus might include renewable energy, carbon neutrality, and stringent environmental policies.
Proposed Solutions:
Developing Nations: Solutions often revolve around balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability. This could involve incentivizing green technologies, promoting eco-friendly practices, and seeking international cooperation and financial aid.
Developed Nations: Solutions tend to focus on cutting-edge technologies, investments in renewable energy, stringent policies on emissions, and international agreements like the Paris Agreement.
Conclusion:
Highlight the need for a collaborative approach that bridges the gap between developed and developing nations
Topic: Public/Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration
Difficulty level: Medium
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General Studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the various types of social influence.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must define key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate them with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define ethical transparency and ethical accountability in the context of governance, emphasizing openness and answerability.
Body:
Discuss how relying solely on external mechanisms (carrot-and-stick approach) may not be reliable in ensuring public interest in governance. Emphasize that internalizing these values is more effective for long-term adherence.
Next, Show the means for Internalization e.g., Ethical Training, Reinforcing Legal Instruments, Political Will etc.
Conclusion
You may conclude as:
The external push alone may not ensure sustained ethical transparency and accountability. Internalizing the purpose behind these values is crucial, aligning decisions and activities with governance objectives.
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