Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: TH
Context: India’s efforts in tuberculosis (TB) management have received international recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO) in their ‘Global TB Report 2023.’
India’s Achievements:
- 16% reduction in TB incidence from 2015 to 2022, nearly double the global decline rate of about 8%
- TB mortality in India has decreased by 18% during the same period.
- TB treatment coverage has improved to 80% of estimated cases, representing a 19% increase from the previous year
About TB
It primarily affects the lungs, is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through the air. Common medications for TB include isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed TB prevention measure.
Risk factors for TB include diabetes, HIV infection, undernutrition, and tobacco use.
Drug-resistant TB includes multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) forms.
India’s Status:
In 2022, India reported over 24 lakh TB cases, with 27% of the world’s TB cases. India’s efforts are supported by initiatives like the National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Elimination 2017-2025, TB Mukt Panchayat Abhiyan, TB Harega Desh Jeetega Campaign, PM TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan, and Nikshay Poshan Yojana for nutritional support to TB patients, contributing to successful TB management
For WHO’s Global Framework for New TB Vaccines: Click Here
