[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 6 November 2023

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Context: Apple has been sending automated notifications to individuals worldwide, including many politicians and opposition leaders, alerting them to potential state-sponsored attacks.
• A state-sponsored cyber-attack is a hacking or digital intrusion orchestrated or supported by a government or nation-state. These attacks are typically well-funded, and sophisticated, and often target specific individuals, organizations, or government entities for political, economic, or espionage purposes.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/11/06/state-sponsored-cyber-attacks/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• What is Split Voting?
  • Split voting is a concept in electoral systems where voters have the option to cast separate votes for different candidates or parties in an election.
• Explanation using Example:
  • During the 2019 Lok Sabha election, the state of Odisha had a state election as well. So, voters had to cast two votes. Research shows that many chose to cast their vote for different parties for the state and Lok Sabha elections. This is an example of split voting.
  • Similarly, New Zealand uses a mixed member proportional (MMP) system. In this system, voters have two votes: a “party vote” and an “electorate vote.” The “party vote” determines the overall composition of the parliament, where voters choose a political party. The “electorate vote” is for selecting a local Member of Parliament (MP) for their specific geographical constituency.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/11/06/split-voting/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: The Supreme Court recently criticized an Advocate-on-Record (AoR) for submitting a frivolous case and subsequently dismissed a public interest litigation.
• The Court rebuked the lawyer, emphasizing that an AoR’s role goes beyond being a mere “signing authority,” implying that AoRs have a more substantial responsibility than just formalities
• About the Advocate-on-Record system:
  • The Advocate-on-Record (AoR) system in the Supreme Court of India is a unique category of advocates responsible for filing cases in the Supreme Court. An AoR serves as the link between litigants and the highest court in the country

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/11/06/advocate-on-record-system/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Context: The Election Commission of India (ECI) has developed an in-house software system through ‘ENCORE’ (Enabling Communications on Real-time Environment) to manage candidates and elections more efficiently.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/11/06/encore/

Ans: (c )

Explanation: About ‘Lucy’ Mission:

• This is NASA’s first mission to explore the Jupiter Trojan asteroids.
• It is a solar-powered mission.
• It is estimated to be over 12 years long, during which the spacecraft will visit eight asteroids covering a distance of about 6.3 billion km to deepen the understanding of the “young solar system”.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/11/06/asteroid-dinkinesh/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Only Statement 1 is correct.
• Context: The collision between two passenger trains in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh could have been prevented with the use of Traffic Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS), specifically the indigenous TCAS system called ‘Kavach.’
  • Kavach is a cab signalling train control system designed to prevent collisions and overspeeding.
• It is an indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system by the Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with the Indian industry.
• It provides protection by preventing trains from passing the signal at Red and activates the train’s braking system automatically (if the driver jumps the Red signal) and avoids collision.
• The Traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) helps in two-way communication between the station master and loco-pilot to convey any emergency message.
• Both the Shalimar-Chennai Coromandel Express and the Yeshwanthpur-Howrah Express were not fitted with KAVACH-TCAS.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/11/06/kavach/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Context: The Indian Government is considering offering incentives, similar to a production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme, to encourage the manufacturing of small modular reactors (SMRs) with the goal of increasing nuclear power’s share in India’s energy production.
• S3: India is working on new technologies such as the small modular reactors that can be factory-built and help make clean energy transition.
• S1: Small modular reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit, which is about one-third of the generating capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors. SMRs, which can produce a large amount of low-carbon electricity, are:
• Small – physically a fraction of the size of a conventional nuclear power reactor.
• Modular – making it possible for systems and components to be factory-assembled and transported as a unit to a location for installation.
• Reactors – harnessing nuclear fission to generate heat to produce energy.
• S2: Given their smaller footprint, SMRs can be sited on locations not suitable for larger nuclear power plants.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/11/06/small-modular-reactors/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Only 2 and 3 pairs are correctly matched

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
• Jim Corbett National Park is Located in the Himalayan foothills near the tourist hill station of Nainital.
• With its hills, grasslands, and streams, Corbett is ideal tiger territory. The place from where Project Tiger was launched in 1973, with its tiger population at 163, it boasts of a single largest tiger population in a tiger reserve and one of the highest tiger densities in the country.
• Set up in 1936 as India’s — and Asia’s — first national park, it was named Hailey National Park. Shortly after Independence, it was renamed Ramganga National Park after the river that flows through it, and was rechristened yet again as Corbett National Park in 1956.
• Rajaji National Park is an Indian national park and tiger reserve that encompasses the Shivaliks, near the foothills of the Himalayas.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/11/06/wildlife-sanctuaries-in-news/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The study under National Mission on Himalayan Studies revealed a strong link between habitat use by Snow Leopard and its prey species Siberian ibex and blue sheep.
• Spiti Valley possessed a good habitat in and outside the protected areas which could support a viable population of both snow leopard and its prey species.
• Classified as ‘Vulnerable’ by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red list and listed in Schedule-I species of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, snow leopards are elusive mountain cats whose survival depends primarily on wild ungulates.
• Higher up in the mountains, predators such as snow leopards regulated the populations of herbivores such as the blue sheep and Siberian ibex, thereby safeguarding the health of grasslands and a long-term absence of snow leopards could cause trophic cascades as ungulate populations would likely increase, leading to depletion of vegetation cover.
• Snow leopards have a vast but fragmented distribution across the mountainous landscape of central Asia, which covers different parts of the Himalayas such as Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Sikkim.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/11/06/wildlife-sanctuaries-in-news/