[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 22 September 2023

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Nudge theory, developed by economist Richard Thaler, underlies this concept. It involves placing small stimuli to encourage decisions that benefit individuals in the long term.
• g., In governance, nudge policies are used in programmes such as the Swachh Bharat Mission, GiveItUp campaign, and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), etc.
• What is Persuasion?
  • Persuasion is the act of influencing someone’s beliefs, attitudes, or behaviours through communication and reasoning. It involves presenting information in a compelling manner to convince or motivate individuals to adopt a particular viewpoint.
  • It often relies on effective communication, empathy, credibility, and the use of persuasive techniques to achieve its objectives.
  • Green Nudges use persuasion techniques such as public awareness campaigns, social norms marketing, and community-based initiatives to encourage environmentally friendly choices.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/persuasion-green-nudge/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Bureau of Indian Standards is the National Standards Body of India under the Department of Consumer Affairs, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution. It was established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 which came into effect on 12 October 2017.
• It also works as WTO-Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) enquiry point for India.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/content-for-mains-enrichment-3/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: Paryushan Parv is a significant festival in Jainism, observed by both Digambara and Shwetambar communities.
• It is a time for deep reflection, repentance, and redemption for Jains.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/paryushan-2023/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Sthulabhadra was the founder of Svetambara Jain order during a 12-year famine in Maurya empire in third or fourth-century BC.
• According to the Digambara sect of Jainism, there were five Shruta Kevalins in Jainism – Govarddhana Mahamuni, Vishnu, Nandimitra, Aparajita and Bhadrabahu.
• Shrutakevalin is a term used in Jainism for those ascetics who have complete knowledge of Jain Agama (texts).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/paryushan-2023/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• In Jainism, ahimsa is the standard by which all actions are judged. For a householder observing the small vows (anuvrata), the practice of ahimsa requires that one not kill any animal life.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/paryushan-2023/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• An old pension scheme (OPS), commonly known as the PAYG scheme, is defined as an unfunded pension scheme where current revenues fund pension benefits. Under this scheme, the contribution of the current generation of workers was explicitly used to pay the pensions of existing pensioners. OPS involved a direct transfer of resources from the current generation of taxpayers to fund the pensioners.
• NPS is a defined contribution pension scheme. NPS enables an individual to undertake retirement planning while in employment. With systematic savings and investments,
• NPS facilitates the accumulation of a pension corpus during their working life. NPS is designed to deliver a sustainable solution of having adequate retirement income in old age or upon superannuation.
• NPS is mandatory for central government employees joining services on or after January 1, 2004, and almost all state governments have adopted it for their employees. NPS, regulated by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), is a contributory pension scheme under which employees contribute 10 per cent of their salary (Basic + Dearness Allowance).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/old-pension-scheme-ops-a-caution-by-rbi/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The correct statement is (B) Phosphorus is a metalloid that is essential for all living organisms.
• Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. It is a nonmetal that is found in the Earth’s crust and is essential for all living organisms. Phosphorus is a component of DNA, RNA, and ATP, which are all essential for life.
• Context: India is facing a critical shortage of phosphorus, which is essential for fertilizers but also a major environmental pollutant.
• The phosphorus shortage is due to its limited availability in geological formations and its contamination of water bodies when not properly managed.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/phosphorus/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Origin: River rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats in south-western Karnataka state.
• Key tributaries:
• Left:: Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathy
• Right:: Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Bhavani, Noyyal, Amaravati, Moyar

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/cauvery-water-management-authority/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) has released its first-ever report on the global impact of high blood pressure (hypertension).
• The correct statement about hypertension is (C) Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure is consistently elevated above normal levels.
• Hypertension is a common medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is defined as blood pressure consistently above 130/80 mmHg. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and organs throughout the body, and it can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/hypertension/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an ethnic and territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. It centres on the Nagorno-Karabakh region, predominantly Armenian-populated but within Azerbaijan’s borders. A ceasefire mediated by Russia in 1994 left the region under Armenian control, though it’s still recognized as part of Azerbaijan. The area is now governed by separatist Armenians and called the “Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.”

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh/