[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 16 September 2023

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/16/jal-jeevan-mission-remains-a-pipe-dream/

Ans: (b)

Explanation: What is the Paris Agenda for People and the Planet?

• The Paris Agenda for People and the Planet (held in June this year) is a global initiative aimed at eliminating poverty, preserving the environment, and enhancing the resilience of vulnerable countries to climate change and conflicts.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/16/paris-agenda-for-people-and-the-planet/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/16/mokshagundam-visvesvaraya/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) is a database of orders, judgments and case details of 18,735 District & Subordinate Courts and High Courts created as an online platform under the eCourts Project. Data is updated on a near real-time basis by the connected District and Taluka courts. It provides data relating to judicial proceedings/decisions of all computerized district and subordinate courts of the country. All High Courts have also joined the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) through web services, providing easy access facility to the litigant publi
• Through the eCourts services platform using elastic search technology, currently litigants can access case status information in respect of over 23.81 crore cases and more than 23.02 crore orders / judgments pertaining to these computerized courts as on date.
• Case data is available on NJDG for both civil and criminal cases with the ability to perform drill-down analysis based on the age of the case as well as the State and District.
• The NJDG is managed as part of the e-Courts project, which is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. It has been developed by the National Informatics Centre (NIC) in collaboration with the in-house software development team of the Computer Cell, Registry of the Supreme Court.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/16/national-judicial-data-grid/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: India has achieved the distinction of becoming the 13th country in the world authorized to issue Internationally Accepted OIML (International Organization of Legal Metrology) Certificates.
• This accomplishment allows domestic manufacturers in India to have their weighing and measuring instruments tested within the country and then sell them in the international market.
• About OIML:
  • The OIML is an intergovernmental organization established in 1955, with India becoming a member in 1956. It has 63 Member States and 64 Corresponding Members.
• Significance:
  • Benefits indigenous manufacturers as they can export their weighing and measuring instruments worldwide without incurring additional testing fees, resulting in cost savings.
  • India can support foreign manufacturers by issuing OIML pattern approval certificates through its certified RRSLs, generating foreign exchange through fees and services.
  • Influence OIML policies and provide input to the OIML Strategy.
  • India now joins an exclusive group of nations, including Australia, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, France, United Kingdom, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, and Slovakia, as the 13th country worldwide authorized to issue OIML approval certificates.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/16/oiml-international-organization-of-legal-metrology/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Rare earth elements or rare earth metals are a set of 17 chemical elements in the periodic table — the 15 lanthanides, plus scandium and yttrium, which tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides, and have similar chemical properties.
• The 17 rare earths are cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and yttrium (Y).
• Despite their classification, most of these elements are not really “rare”. One of the rare earths, promethium, is radioactive.
• These elements are important in technologies of consumer electronics, computers and networks, communications, clean energy, advanced transportation, healthcare, environmental mitigation, and national defence, among others.
• Scandium is used in televisions and fluorescent lamps, and yttrium is used in drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Rare earth elements are used in space shuttle components, jet engine turbines, and drones. Cerium, the most abundant rare earth element, is essential to NASA’s Space Shuttle Programme.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/16/critical-raw-materials-act/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• NavIC, or Navigation with Indian Constellation, is an independent stand-alone navigation satellite system developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• NavIC consists of eight satellites and covers the whole of India’s landmass and up to 1,500 km (930 miles) from its boundaries.
• Currently, NavIC’s use is limited. It is being used in public vehicle tracking in India, for providing emergency warning alerts to fishermen venturing into the deep sea where there is no terrestrial network connectivity, and for tracking and providing information related to natural disasters.
• HOW DOES NavIC COMPARE?
  • The main difference is the serviceable area covered by these systems. GPS caters to users across the globe and its satellites circle the earth twice a day, while NavIC is currently for use in India and adjacent areas.
  • Like GPS, there are three more navigation systems that have global coverage – Galileo from the European Union, Russia-owned GLONASS and China’s Beidou. QZSS, operated by Japan, is another regional navigation system covering Asia-Oceania region, with a focus on Japan.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/16/navic-5/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• S2: The tyre sector consumes the majority of the rubber, accounting for over 50% of India’s total production. Despite being one of the main producers of rubber, India still buys rubber from other countries. India imports 50000 tonnes of rubber every year approximately.

• S1 and S4: India is the fourth largest producer of natural rubber in the world and is the second largest consumer of natural rubber.
• S3: Kerala is the largest producer of natural rubber in India

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/16/rubber/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Conventional method of sugarcane planting requires 7 to 8 tonnes of seed cane per hectare and this is the main reason for slow rate of seed and varietal replacement. Sugarcane being a long duration crop and heavy biomass producer requires about 1500 to 2500 mm water.
• Keeping in mind the likely to be faced situations in future, the ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (ICAR-SBI) has developed an integrated sugarcane cultivation model called Settling Transplanting Technology (STT). Components of the model are listed below:
  • High yielding and better quality varieties
  • Raising and transplanting of settlings derived from single bud setts/ bud chips
  • Sub-surface drip irrigation and fertigation
  • Wider row planting
  • Intercropping
  • Trash mulching
  • Multiple ratooning
  • Mechanization
• S1: Transplanting sugarcane single-bud/ bud-chip settlings can save seed cane requirement up to 80 per cent besides providing healthy plants and good field establishment. It is less expensive and labour saving in comparison with conventional sett planting.
• Other options are spaced transplanting (STP) and polybag / pro-tray nursery.
• S2 and S3: Reverse is true. See here http://www.iisr.nic.in/download/publications/ijst-December-2011.pdf
• S4: Yes, tissue culture or vegetative propagation (a subset of TC), can be used to germinate and grow these settlings which can be transplanted in the field later.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2020

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The members of the G20 are: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, the United States, the African Union and the European Union.

Refer:  UPSC CSE 2020