[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 14 September 2023

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Values that inspired and guided the freedom struggle and were in turn nurtured by it, formed the foundation for India’s democracy. These values are embedded in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. They guide all the articles of the Indian Constitution.
• Taking inspiration from American model, most countries in the contemporary world have chosen to begin their constitutions with a preamble.
• It contains the philosophy on which the entire Constitution has been built. It provides a standard to examine and evaluate any law and action of government, to find out whether it is good or bad. It is the soul of the Indian Constitution

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• A preamble is an introductory statement in a document that explains the document’s philosophy and objectives. In a Constitution, it presents the intention of its framers, the history behind its creation, and the core values and principles of the nation.
• The Preamble is based on the Objective Resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the Constituent Assembly on December 13, 1946. The Resolution was adopted on January 22, 1947.
• Although not enforceable in court, the Preamble states the objects of the Constitution, and acts as an aid during the interpretation of Articles when language is found ambiguous.
• The original Preamble, adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1949, declared India a “Sovereign Democratic Republic”. By the 42nd Amendment of 1976, enacted during the Emergency, the words “Socialist” and “Secular” were inserted; the Preamble now reads “Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic”.
• The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution, passed in 1976, replaced the words “sovereign democratic republic” to “sovereign socialist secular democratic republic”. It also changed “unity of the nation” to “unity and integrity of the nation”

Refer:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/14/fraternity-in-the-indian-constitution/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Preamble declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic. 3. The objectives stated by the Preamble are to secure justice, liberty, equality to all citizens and promote fraternity to maintain unity and integrity of the nation.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/14/fraternity-in-the-indian-constitution/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Parliamentary democracy, with a cabinet form of government, is part of the basic structure of the Indian Constitution. Its first article reads, “India that is Bharat shall be a Union of States.”
• The Constitution has mandated a federal balance wherein independence of a certain required degree is assured to the State Governments.
• As opposed to centralism, a balanced federal structure mandates that the Union does not usurp all powers and the States enjoy freedom without any unsolicited interference from the Central Government with respect to matters which exclusively fall within their domain.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/14/parliaments-75-year-journey/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Context: The 2023 World Trade Report, published by the WTO, explores the role of international trade in building a more secure, inclusive, and sustainable world.

Refer:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/14/2023-world-trade-report-re-globalization/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail is a method that provides feedback to voters.
• It is an independent verification printer machine and is attached to electronic voting machines.
• It allows voters to verify if their vote has gone to the intended candidate.
• When a voter presses a button in the EVM, a paper slip is printed through the VVPAT.
• The slip contains the poll symbol and name of the candidate.
• It allows the voter to verify his/her choice. After being visible to the voter from a glass case in the VVPAT for seven seconds, the ballot slip will be cut and dropped into the drop box in the VVPAT machine and a beep will be heard.
• The slip dropped in a box but the voter cannot take it home.
• VVPAT machines can be accessed by polling officers only.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/14/vvpat-3/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Voter-verifiable paper audit trail (VVPAT) or verifiable paper record (VPR) is a method of providing feedback to voters using a ballotless voting system. A VVPAT is intended as an independent verification system for voting machines designed to allow voters to verify that their vote was cast correctly, to detect possible election fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the stored electronic results.It contains name of the candidate (for whom vote has been casted) and symbol of the party/ individual candidate.
• Voter-verifiable paper audit trail was first used in an election in India in September 2013 in Noksen (Assembly Constituency) in Nagaland. VVPAT along with EVMs was used on a large-scale for the first time in India, in 10 assembly seats out of 40 in 2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/14/vvpat-3/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana is a scheme of the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gasfor providing LPG connections to women from Below Poverty Line (BPL) households.
• Launched in May 2016.
• Aim: To provide LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) connections to poor households and reduce health risk associated with burning biomass.
• Key features: A deposit-free LPG connection is given to eligible with financial assistance of Rs 1,600 per connection by the Centre.
• Achievement: Government data shows that by January 2022, 9 crore new LPG connections had been rolled out under this scheme, and that 99.8 per cent of the over 28 crore households in India now have access to LPG, up from 61.9 per cent in 2015.

Refer:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/14/pradhan-mantri-ujjwala-yojana-pmuy-5/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Nipah is a zoonotic disease, primarily transmitted to humans through infected animals particularly bats or contaminated food, and it can also spread from person to person through close contact.
• Symptoms include fever, headache, cough, sore throat, difficulty in breathing, and vomiting, with severe cases potentially leading to encephalitis, coma, and death.
• The virus is primarily transmitted through consumption of contaminated food or direct contact with infected animals, particularly fruit bats.
• It is highly lethal, with mortality rates ranging from 40% to 75%.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/14/nipah-virus-4/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The National Green Tribunal has been established on 18.10.2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
• The Tribunal’s dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters shall provide speedy environmental justice and help reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts. The Tribunal is mandated to make and endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the same.
• The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), statutory organisation, was constituted in September, 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. Further, CPCB was entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
• Functions of the CPCB, as spelt out in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, (i) to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution, and (ii) to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country.
• Hence, statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct.
• Source: http://envfor.nic.in/rules-regulations/national-green-tribunal-ngt
• http://cpcb.nic.in/Introduction/

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/14/national-green-tribunal/