[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 13 September 2023

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Shallow earthquakes are generally more devastating because they carry greater energy when they emerge on the surface. Deeper earthquakes lose much of their energy by the time they come to the surface. The deeper quakes spread farther — the seismic waves move radially upwards to the surface — even as they lose energy while travelling greater distances, and hence cause less damage.
• The earthquake magnitude scale gives a measure of the energy released, although the reading in itself is not of energy. Rather, it takes into account amplitude or ‘size’ of the seismic waves released, and variations in distance between various seismographs and the earthquake epicenter. Thus, it is a dimensionless number — with no physical units.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/13/reasons-behind-moroccos-earthquake/

Ans:(c )

Explanation:

• Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that travel through the Earth; they are recorded on instruments called seismographs. Seismographs record a zig-zag trace that shows the varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground motions, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in the world. The time, location, and magnitude of an earthquake can be determined from the data recorded by seismograph stations.
• S waves shadow zone extend from 105⁰. P wave shadow zone extends between 105⁰ to 145⁰. Beyond 145⁰ only P waves are received
• At seismic station first waves to arrive are P waves. Then S waves and in the last the surface waves.

Refer:

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• All natural earthquakes take place in the lithosphere.
• Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. The body waves interact with the surface rocks and generate new set of waves called surface waves. These waves move along the surface. The velocity of waves changes as
• they travel through materials with different densities. The denser the material, the higher is the velocity.
• The surface waves are the last to report on seismograph. These waves are more destructive. They cause displacement of rocks, and hence, the collapse of structures occurs.

Refer:

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The correct answer is (D) All of the above. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a long, underwater mountain range that runs down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the site of new oceanic crust formation, as magma rises from the mantle and cools to form new rock. The rocks on the ridge are getting older as they move away from the ridge, because they are being carried away from the source of new crust formation.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/13/reasons-behind-moroccos-earthquake/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the premier investigating agency of India.
• It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
• CBI is exempted from the provisions of the Right to Information Act.
• CBI is India’s officially designated single point of contact for liaison with the Interpol.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/13/cbi-does-not-require-permission-to-probe-pre-2014-cases-too-sc/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Gresham’s Law, named after Thomas Gresham, states that “bad money drives out good” when the government fixes the exchange rate between two currencies at a level different from the market rate.
• Impact:
  • This leads to the undervalued currency going out of circulation, while the overvalued currency remains but lacks buyers.
  • The law can result in a currency shortage when demand exceeds supply due to the fixed price.
  • Gresham’s law applies not only to paper currencies but also to commodities. It can cause goods to disappear from the formal market when their prices are forcibly undervalued by governments.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/13/greshams-law/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: Ian Wilmut, the British embryologist renowned for leading the team that created Dolly the Sheep, the world’s first cloned mammal from an adult cell, has passed away recently.
• Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, was indeed cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this process, the nucleus from a somatic cell of the donor animal was inserted into an enucleated egg cell, which was then stimulated to develop into an embryo and implanted into a surrogate mother.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/13/dolly-the-sheep/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: Scientists at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed a novel approach to detect and potentially kill cancer cells, especially those forming solid tumour masses.
• Cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. These abnormal cells can form tumors and interfere with normal bodily functions.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/13/a-novel-approach-to-detect-and-kill-cancer-cells/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Libya is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/13/libya/

Ans: (d )

Explanation:

• S1: e.g. from UDHR: Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
• S2: eg. Article 22 UDHR: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
• Or, Article 26:
• (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
• S3: e.g. Article 27 of UDHR:
• (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
• (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
• See https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/

Refer: UPSC CSE 2020