[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 5 September 2023

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The answer is A. Desalination is a process that primarily removes impurities from water.
• Reverse osmosis is a common method of desalination, but not the only one. Other methods include distillation, electrodialysis, and solar desalination.
• Desalination is not an environmentally friendly way to produce freshwater. It requires a lot of energy and can produce brine that is harmful to marine life.
• Desalination is not commonly used in regions with abundant freshwater sources. It is most commonly used in regions with limited freshwater resources, such as the Middle East and North Africa.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/05/wastewater-turning-problem-into-solution/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement that was founded by Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 in Bombay. The movement believes in the infallible authority of the Vedas.
• According to the website of Arya Samaj Houston, the central objectives of Arya Samaj is to, “eradicate Ignorance (Agyan), Indigence or Poverty (Abhav) and Injustice (Anayay) from this earth. This mission is enshrined in the ten Niyams or Principles.”
• The website says that contrary to the misconception, Arya Samaj is not a religion or a new sect in the Hindu religion.
• Members of the Arya Samaj believe in one God and reject the worship of idols.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/05/sanatan-dharma/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Raja Rammohan Roy (1772-1833), often called the father of Indian Renaissance and the maker of Modern India. Rammohan Roy believed in the modern scientific approach and principles of human dignity and social equality.
• He put his faith in monotheism. He wrote Gift to Monotheists (1809) and translated into Bengali the Vedas and the five Upanishads to prove his conviction that ancient Hindu texts support monotheism.
• Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha in August 1828; it was later renamed Brahmo Samaj. Rammohan Roy did not want to establish a new religion. He only wanted to purify Hinduism of the evil practices which had crept into it.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/05/sanatan-dharma/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has launched a revamped version of the ‘Adopt a Heritage’ program, along with an Indian Heritage app and an e-permission portal.
• This updated program encourages corporate stakeholders to utilize their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds to enhance facilities at historically important monuments.
• It also provides a comprehensive guide through the Indian Heritage app, offering information on ASI’s monuments, including historical structures, pictures, public facilities, and geo-tagged locations.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/05/adopt-a-heritage-2-0/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Context: The Pradhan Mantri Dakshata Aur Kushalata Sampanna Hitgrahi (PM-DAKSH) Yojana is a Central Sector Scheme launched in 2020-21 with the goal of enhancing the competency levels of specific target groups to make them employable, whether for self-employment or wage-employment, thereby contributing to their socio-economic development.
• The scheme is primarily aimed at Scheduled Castes (SCs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs), Economically Backward Classes (EBCs), De-notified Tribes (DNTs), Safai Karamcharis (including waste pickers), and others.
• It is implemented by the three Corporations under the Ministry:
  • National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (NSFDC),
  • National Backward Classes Finance & Development Corporation (NBCFDC),
  • National Safai Karamcharis Finance and Development Corporation (NSKFDC).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/05/pm-daksh/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Seaweeds are (thalloid plants) macroscopic algae, which mean they have no differentiation of true tissues such as roots, stems and leaves. They have leaflike appendages.
• Seaweeds, the larger and visible marine plants are found attached to rocks, corals and other submerged strata in the intertidal and shallow sub tidal zones of the sea.
• Seaweeds grow in shallow coastal waters wherever sizable substrata is available.
• Based on the colour of their pigmentation, sea weeds are broadly classified into different classes such as blue-green, green, brown, red, etc.
• Seaweeds are important as food for humans, feed for animals, and fertilizer for plants.
• Seaweeds are also used as the potential indicators of pollution in coastal ecosystem, particularly heavy metal pollution due to their ability to bind and accumulate metals strongly.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/05/multi-purpose-seaweed-park-tamil-nadu/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The answer is B. Ecocide is the intentional destruction of the environment, causing significant harm to ecosystems and biodiversity.
• Option A is incorrect. Ecocide is not a brand of eco-friendly cleaning products.
• Option C is incorrect. Ecocide is not a new form of recreational outdoor sport that promotes environmental awareness.
• Option D is incorrect. Ecocide is not a type of wildlife conservation program aimed at protecting endangered species.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/05/ecocide/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• India has built the world’s first portable disaster hospital, called the “Aarogya Maitri Cube”. The hospital can be airlifted and assembled into 72 cubes that contain essential medical equipment and supplies. The cubes can support 200 survivors for 48 hours during natural disasters or crises.
• It has been developed indigenously under the Project BHISHM(Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog Hita and Maitri).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/05/aarogya-maitri-cube/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• S1: e.g. from UDHR: Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
• S2: eg. Article 22 UDHR: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
• Or, Article 26:
• (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
• S3: e.g. Article 27 of UDHR:
• (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
• (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2020

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: Aurang was a Persian term for a warehouse – a place where goods are collected before being sold. The term also refers to a workshop.
• S2: The term banian is the Anglicised form of the Sanskrit and Bangla word banik (merchant). In Anglo-Indian society and among the natives too a banian was one who was engaged by an individual western merchant or a firm to work for them as a broker, interpreter and agent.
• S3: Under the ryotwari settlement system, the government recognized mirasidars as the sole proprietors of land, dismissing tenants’ rights completely.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2020