[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 31 August 2023

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Basic structure of the constitution is not defined in the constitution.
• Parliamentary democracy, with a cabinet form of government, is part of the basic structure of the Indian Constitution.
• Principle of reasonableness and Welfare state are not part of basic structure.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/fali-s-nariman-on-basic-structure-doctrine/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Minerva Mills Ltd. and Ors. v. Union Of India and Ors. is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India that applied and evolved the basic structure doctrine of the Constitution of India.
• The 42nd Amendment Act accorded the position of legal primacy and supremacy to the Directive Principles over the Fundamental Rights conferred by Articles 14, 19 and 31. However, this extension was declared as unconstitutional and invalid by the Supreme Court in the Minerva Mills case.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/fali-s-nariman-on-basic-structure-doctrine/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The two ILO Conventions on child labour are Convention No. 138 on Minimum Age and Convention No. 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour.
• Context:  The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) has issued ground-breaking guidance (first of its kind), General Comment No. 26, recognizing children’s rights to a clean and sustainable environment, with a focus on climate change.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/first-un-guidance-on-childrens-rights-and-environment/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• AQI is a number, which is a measure of air quality. The higher the AQI, the worse the air.
• The colour-coded AQI index was launched in India in 2014, and it helps the public and the government understand the condition of the air and what subsequent measures are to be taken to combat the situation, based on its severity. There are six categories of AQI, namely ‘Good’ (0-50), ‘Satisfactory’ (50-100), ‘Moderately polluted’ (100-200), ‘Poor’ (200-300), ‘Very Poor’ (300-400), and ‘Severe’ (400-500).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/air-pollution-shortens-indian-life/

Ans: (a)
Explanation:

• The mandate of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP); –
• The goal of NCAP (annual average ambient air quality standards at all locations in the country): 20%–30% reduction of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration by taking 2017 as the base year for the comparison of concentration.
• Under NCAP, 132 non-attainment cities have been identified across the country based on the Air Quality data from 2014-2018.
• Preparation of the city-specific action plans including measures to strengthen the monitoring network, reduce vehicular/industrial emissions, and increase public awareness.
• Implementation of the city-specific action plans to be regularly monitored by Committees at the Central and State level namely Steering Committee, Monitoring Committee and Implementation Committee.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/air-pollution-shortens-indian-life/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• A cyclone, commonly known as a low, is an area of low pressure where air masses meet and rise. An anticyclone, commonly known as a high, is an area of high pressure where air moves apart and sinks.
• Cyclone typically indicates bad weather, like rain and clouds whereas anticyclone indicates fair weather.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/increasing-cyclone-frequency/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Most cyclones are forced to weaken post landfall as they detach from the sea.
• Cyclones are formed between the tropics while western disturbances are formed in the mid-latitudes. When the two interact, they influence each other. When cyclones come under the influence of western disturbances, it can retain its intensity even after entering land.
• Cyclone Tauktae in 2021 came under the influence of western disturbances, it slowed down as it was crossing over to land. This slow progress over the coast ensured that the cyclone continued to get sufficient moisture supply from the sea. Hence it did not weaken, but rather retained its intensity even 24 hours after coming over land.
• The Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea generate only 7 per cent of the world’s cyclones. However, their impact are huge as some of the most densely populated regions of the world, including some mega-cities, are susceptible.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/increasing-cyclone-frequency/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• A cyclone is a low pressure system that forms over warm waters. Essentially, it is a system of high speed winds rotating around a low-pressure area, with the winds blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
• According to the World Meteorological Organization, “Tropical cyclones are one of the biggest threats to life and property even in the formative stages of their development. They include a number of different hazards that can individually cause significant impacts on life and property, such as storm surge, flooding, extreme winds, tornadoes and lighting.
• How are cyclones named?
• Cyclones that form in every ocean basin across the world are named by the regional specialised meteorological centres (RSMCs) and Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres (TCWCs). There are six RSMCs in the world, including the India Meteorological Department (IMD), and five TCWCs.
• As an RSMC, the IMD names the cyclones developing over the north Indian Ocean, including the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, after following a standard procedure. The IMD is also mandated to issue advisories to 12 other countries in the region on the development of cyclones and storms.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/increasing-cyclone-frequency/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The correct answer is C. The Y chromosome determines an individual’s biological sex.
• A is incorrect because the Y chromosome only carries genetic information for male traits.
• B is incorrect because the Y chromosome is only found in males. Females have two X chromosomes.
• D is incorrect because the Y chromosome is actually significantly smaller than the X chromosome.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/mysteries-of-the-y-chromosome/

Ans: (d)

Explanation;

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/31/kenya-3/