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General Studies – 1
Topic: Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
The above article discusses the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) between India and Pakistan, which governs the sharing of the Indus River’s waters.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the significance and shortcomings of Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context about the Indus Water Treaty.
Body:
First, write about the major provisions of the Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan.
Next, write about the successes of Indus Water Treaty in ensuring peaceful coexistence despite troubled relations between the both countries and its significance.
Next, write about the various issues in the Indus Water Treaty which have affected both the parties and possible solutions to it. Write how the treaty has limited the development of Jammu and Kashmir.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about impact of national emergency on fundamental rights and the judicial interpretations of it.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the writing about the objective behind article of national emergency.
Body:
In the first part, bring out the effect of national emergency on fundamental rights – the nature of the modification, extent of modification, ability to enforce fundamental rights etc.
In the next part, mention the various judicial interpretations regarding the suspension of the fundamental rights – mention various cases such as Makhan Singh Vs. State of Punjab, A.D.M. Jabalpur Vs. shivkant Shukla etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with stressing that suspension is a temporary measure.
Topic: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of doctrine of basic structure and its criticism.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
To write about the importance of doctrine of basic structure.
Body:
First, write about the various features of doctrine of basic structure – rule of law, parliamentary form of government, secularism etc.
Next, write about how the above is important in upholding the supremacy of the Constitution and preventing authoritarian rule by a single party.
Next, write a critique of the basic structure doctrine.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a balanced opinion.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article delves into the concept of secondary agriculture and its implications for rural development, prompting a detailed exploration of its potential benefits, challenges, and opportunities.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the concept of secondary agriculture, its potential impact on rural livelihoods and agricultural growth, and to discuss the obstacles and prospects linked with its promotion in India.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Introduce the concept of secondary agriculture.
Body:
First, write about the potential of secondary agriculture in enhancing rural livelihoods by creating additional income sources, reducing seasonal unemployment, and promoting year-round agricultural activities.
Next. Write about the challenges associated with promoting secondary agriculture, such as lack of infrastructure, access to markets, and limited technical knowledge among rural farmers. Examine the opportunities offered by secondary agriculture, including agro-processing, value chains, organic farming, and sustainable practices.
Next, write about the steps that are needed to overcome the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article discusses the severe impact of pollution on life expectancy in South Asian countries. It highlights the alarming levels of air pollution in the region and their detrimental effects on public health.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the steps taken so far to tackle air pollution and their successes and limitations.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by giving air pollution statistics in India.
Body:
In brief, write about the impact of air pollution in India.
Next, write about the various policy measures like Air Pollution Act, National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), Commission for Air Quality Management, Graded Response Action Plan, National Ambient Air Quality Standard etc.
Next, write about the successes and limitations of the above measures aimed at improving air quality.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward with a way to overcome air pollution.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article discusses India’s role as the president of the G20 and its focus on financing the global transition towards sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the strategies against climate change and understanding of key role of climate finance.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
Mention about Climate financing and mechanisms of it such as the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), both managed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF).
Next, write about significance of climate finance in tackling climate change.
Next, mention the various impediments in developing countries accessing climate finance.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: dimensions of ethics;
Difficulty level: Tough
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the nature of moral norms.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by explaining moral norms.
Body:
First, explain as to how moral norms are aspirational and prescriptive – contains ideals, principles and policies which are sensitive to positive outcomes, action-based, and focused on what we should do.
Next, explain as to how moral norms are functional and descriptive – people’s beliefs about as values, which actions are right and wrong, and which characteristics of moral agents are virtuous.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced opinion regarding moral norms.
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