[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 23 June 2023

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country (Article 324).
• It is not concerned with the elections to panchayats and municipalities in the states. For this, the Constitution of India provides for a separate State Election Commission.
• The Election Commission shall consist of the chief election commissioner and such number of other election commissioners, if any, as the President may from time-to-time fix.
• Presently, it consists of the Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.
• The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from his office in the same manner and on same grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court.
• The Constitution has not prescribed the qualifications (legal, educational, administrative or judicial) of the members of the Election Commission.
• The Constitution has not specified the term of the members of the Election Commission.
• The Constitution has not debarred the retiring election commissioners from any further appointment by the government.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/state-election-commission-sec/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/state-election-commission-sec/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: According to the annual Gender Gap Report 2023 (17th edition) of the World Economic Forum (WEF), India was ranked 127 out of 146 countries in terms of gender parity – an improvement of 8 places from last year.
• It is an annual index first published in 2006 by the WEF to measure gender equality.
• It assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities.
• It serves as a catalyst for greater awareness as well as greater exchange between policymakers.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/global-gender-gap-report-2023/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Global Environment Facility was established on the eve of the 1992 Rio Earth Summitto help tackle our planet’s most pressing environmental problems.
• It is an international partnership of 184 countries, international institutions, civil society organizations and the private sector that addresses global environmental issues.
• GEF funds are available to developing countries and countries with economies in transition to meet the objectives of the international environmental conventions and agreements.
• The World Bank serves as the GEF Trustee, administering the GEF Trust Fund.
• It is a FINANCIAL MECHANISM for five major international environmental conventions:
  • Minamata Convention on Mercury,
  • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs),
  • United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD),
  • United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/issues-with-the-climate-finance-mechanisms/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• S1: The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is the landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and consumption of nearly 100 man-made chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances (ODS). When released to the atmosphere, those chemicals damage the stratospheric ozone layer, Earth’s protective shield that protects humans and the environment from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Adopted on 15 September 1987, the Protocol is to date the only UN treaty ever that has been ratified every country on Earth – all 198 UN Member States.
• S2: The Montreal Protocol led to the replacement of CFCs with Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which do not destroy the Ozone layer.
• Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are gases used worldwide in refrigeration, air-conditioning and foam applications, but they are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol since deplete the ozone layer. HCFCs are both ODS and powerful greenhouse gases: the most commonly used HCFC is nearly 2,000 times more potent than carbon dioxide in terms of its global warming potential (GWP).
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), were introduced as non-ozone depleting alternatives to support the timely phase out of CFCs and HCFCs. HFCs are now widespread in air conditioners, refrigerators, aerosols, foams and other products. While these chemicals do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, some of them have high GWPs ranging from 12 to 14,000.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/issues-with-the-climate-finance-mechanisms/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: The Ministry of Commerce has implemented the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) since 2001. The objectives of NPOP are as under:
  • To provide the means of evaluation of certification programme for organic agriculture and products (including wild harvest, aquaculture, livestock products) as per the approved criteria.
  • To accredit certification programmes of Certification Bodies seeking accreditation.
  • To facilitate certification of organic products in conformity with the prescribed standards.
  • To facilitate certification of organic products in conformity with the importing countries organic standards as per equivalence agreement between the two countries or as per importing country requirements.
  • To encourage the development of organic farming and organc processing.
• Source: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=155000

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/organic-and-natural-farming-in-india/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi gifted US President Joe Biden a first edition print of the book “The Ten Principal Upanishads” (1937) during his visit to the White House.
• About the Book:
  • The book was translated from Sanskrit by Shri Purohit Swami, a scholar of Hindu scripture, and Irish poet WB Yeats. Yeats had a lifelong fascination with Indian philosophy and literature, and his interest in the Upanishads led to the co-translation. The book is considered one of the best translations, aiming to retain the original text’s essence while being accessible to the general reader.
• About Yeats
  • William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) was an Irish poet, dramatist, writer and politician. One of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature, he was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival. WB Yeats’ connection to India can be seen through his friendship with Rabindranath Tagore and his earlier poems inspired by India.
  • Yeats wrote three poems (published in 1889) that referred to India:
  • ‘The Indian to His Love’
  • ‘The Indian upon God’
  • ‘Anushuya and Vijaya’.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/biden-yeats-ten-principal-upanishads/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• For the defence of Dalit rights, B.R. Ambedkar started many periodicals like Mook Nayak, Bahishkrit Bharat, and Equality Janta.
• Major Publications of Jyotirao Phule: Tritiya Ratna (1855); Powada: Chatrapati Shivajiraje Bhosle Yancha (1869); Gulamgiri (1873), Shetkarayacha Aasud (1881)

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/ambedkars-london-house/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Context:  Prime Minister Narendra Modi gifted a 7.5-carat lab-grown diamond to U.S. First Lady Jill Biden during his state visit. The diamond was manufactured in a Surat factory in Gujarat, using a process that replicates the formation of natural diamonds beneath the earth’s surface.
• More about the LGD:
  • India is a leading player in growing lab-grown diamonds, with exports reaching over $1.67 billion.
  • Lab-grown diamonds offer a more affordable alternative to natural diamonds and are considered eco-friendly.
  • They are around 20% cheaper than their naturally-formed equivalent
  • India is the largest producer of lab-grown diamonds through CVD technology and contributes to nearly 25% of global LGD production through CVD technology.
  • But overall, India accounts for 15% of the global production of LGD
• India imports most of its Rough diamonds from United Arab Emirates, Belgium and Russia and is the largest importer of Rough diamonds in the World.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/lab-grown-diamond/

Ans: (a)
Explanation:
• The park was established in 1989 in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand. It is located in the upper catchment of the Bhagirathi River and includes Gaumukh at Gangotri Glacier, the source of the river Ganga. The park serves as a connecting link between Govind National Park and Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/23/gangotri-national-park-gnp/