[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 19 June 2023

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: The recent crisis in Manipur has sparked renewed interest in the Punchhi Commission Recommendations, which offer potential solutions for effectively managing such situations.
• Context: The government has set up an expert panel led by former law secretary T K Vishwanathan to recommend reforms in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
• The Sarkaria Commission’s charter was to examine the relationship and balance of power between state and central governments in the country and suggest changes within the framework of Constitution of India.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/reforming-arbitration-law/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: The recently concluded G20 working group meeting on trade and investment focused on the important issue of WTO reform.
• It is a member-driven, consensus-based intergovernmental organisation that regulates and facilitates international trade between nations.
• It is the world’s largest international economic organisation (HQ – Geneva, Switzerland), with 164 member states representing over 98% of global trade and global GDP.
• It officially began operations on January 1, 1995, in accordance with the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement.
• It replaced the 1948 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/reforming-wto/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Kamala Sohonie was the first Indian woman to earn a PhD in a scientific discipline. She faced gender bias within the scientific community, including opposition from CV Raman, a Nobel laureate. Despite Raman’s initial rejection, Sohonie confronted him and eventually gained admission to the Indian Institute of Science. She completed her course with distinction and went on to study at Cambridge University, where she made significant contributions to biochemistry.
• According to an article on the website of the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, “she worked on ‘neera’, a drink made from palm extract on the suggestion of the First Indian President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Her studies established that ‘neera’ was a good source of Vitamin C along with other vitamins, moreover there are sulfhydryl compounds in Neera that protect vitamins during storage. Realising that this would be a cheap and good supplement for poor tribals, she went to popularise this drink. The introduction of neera in the diet of tribal malnourished children and pregnant women improved their health significantly.”

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/kamala-sohonie/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: Gita Press, Gorakhpur, a prominent publisher of religious texts, has been awarded the Gandhi Peace Prize for 2021.
• Gandhi Peace Prize is an annual award instituted by Government of India in 1995, on the occasion of 125th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi as a tribute to the ideals espoused by Mahatma Gandhi. The award is open to all persons regardless of nationality, race, language, caste, creed or gender.
• The award carries an amount of Rs. 1 crore, a citation, a plaque and an exquisite traditional handicraft/handloom item.
• Recent awardees include Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Al Said, Oman (2019) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (2020), Bangladesh.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/gita-press-awarded-gandhi-peace-prize-for-2021/

Ans: (b)

Explanation: About the Geological Survey of India:

• Context: The Geological Survey of India (GSI) state unit has proposed declaring the “Natural Arch” in the Kanika range of Sundargarh forest division in Odisha as a Geo Heritage Site.
• Headquartered in Kolkata, it was set up in 1851 primarily to find coal deposits for the Railways. Presently, GSI is an attached office to the Ministry of Mines.
• The main functions of the GSI relate to the creation and updation of national geoscientific information and mineral resource assessment.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/natural-arch-in-odisha/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Context: A recent study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters reveals that extensive groundwater extraction by humans has had a significant effect on Earth’s rotation.
• Earth’s rotation on its axis causes the day/night cycle. As the Earth rotates, different parts of the Earth are exposed to the Sun’s light, causing day and night. The Earth’s rotation also affects the tides, but it is not the only factor that affects the tides. The Moon’s gravity also has a significant effect on the tides.
• The Earth’s rotation does not cause the change of seasons. The change of seasons is caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis. The Earth’s axis is tilted relative to the plane of its orbit around the Sun. This tilt causes different parts of the Earth to receive more or less sunlight at different times of the year.
• The Earth’s rotation does not determine the length of a year. The length of a year is determined by the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. The Earth’s orbit around the Sun is elliptical, which means that it is not a perfect circle. This means that the Earth’s distance from the Sun varies throughout the year. The Earth’s distance from the Sun has a small effect on the length of a year.

refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/groundwater-extraction-alters-earths-rotation/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: Researchers have discovered that the Y chromosome possesses genes linked to ageing and lifespan regulation.
  • The Y chromosome, known as the “master of maleness,” determines the biological male sex and carries genes that play a role in sex determination.
• Statement B is correct. The Y chromosome contains genes, including the SRY gene (Sex-determining Region Y), that determine male characteristics. These genes are responsible for the development of testes, which produce male sex hormones and contribute to the development of male reproductive structures.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/y-chromosome/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Context: Researchers have discovered that the Y chromosome possesses genes linked to ageing and lifespan regulation.
• All of the statements are true. Chromosomes are structures that contain the genetic material of an organism. They are found in the nucleus of cells, and they are made up of DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are responsible for passing on genetic information from parents to offspring.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/y-chromosome/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Context: Researchers demystify the unusual origin of the Geminids meteor shower.
• S1: Correct. Meteors are often referred to as shooting stars because of their appearance as they streak across the night sky.
• S2 Correct. Meteors are objects, such as rocks or debris, that enter Earth’s atmosphere from outer space. When they collide with the atmosphere, they heat up and produce a glowing trail of light.
• S3 Incorrect. Meteors can be composed of various materials, including rock, metal, or a combination of both. However, they can also be made of other substances, such as ice.
• S4 Correct. As meteors travel through the Earth’s atmosphere, they experience intense heat due to the friction caused by the air molecules. This heat causes the meteor to glow and create a streak of light, known as a meteor or shooting star.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/geminid-meteors/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change has released the “National Working Plan Code-2023” for the scientific management of forests and evolving new approaches.
• Scientific forest management is an approach that involves the application of scientific principles and techniques to manage forests sustainably. It focuses on gathering data, conducting research, and utilizing evidence-based practices to ensure the long-term health and productivity of forests.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/19/national-working-plan-code-2023/