[Mission 2023] Current Affairs Quiz , 19 Jun 2023

Solution: d)

Computer-generated Imagery (CGI)

In basic terms, Computer-generated Imagery, or CGI, refers to the utilisation of computers to create pictures or characters in film and television. It can also be defined as the process of creating and manipulating images that do not exist in the physical environment for being captured on film or video. These images can be either static or dynamic and are utilised in both 2D and 3D movies.

Due to its increased affordability compared to the past, CGI is now extensively used to generate specific elements of a shot or a scene, or even a substantial portion of an entire sequence.

SS Rajamouli’s Eega and the Baahubali series, S Shankar’s Jeans, Enthiran, and 2.0, and Anubhav Sinha’s Ra One are notable examples of Indian movies that extensively employed CGI.

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Solution: c)

The month of June, recognised worldwide as the Pride Month, is marked by many events across India to celebrate the LGBTQIA+ community. 

A Pride flag essentially represents the pride associated with LGTQIA+ social movements. For centuries people belonging to the community have had to fight for basic rights in countries across the world. The struggle continues in many countries. Uganda, for instance, recently passed a law criminalising the LGBTQIA+ community.

In India too, gay sex was decriminalised as recently as 2018. The Pride flag was used by activists, members of the community and allies as a symbol of resistance and acceptance.

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Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

What is the Miyawaki plantation method?

Named after Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, this method involves planting two to four different types of indigenous trees within every square metre. In this method, the trees become self-sustaining and they grow to their full length within three years.

The methodology was developed in the 1970s, with the basic objective to densify green cover within a small parcel of land.

The plants used in the Miyawaki method are self-sustaining and don’t require regular maintenance like manuring and watering.

How is Miyawaki useful?

The dense green cover of indigenous trees plays a key role in absorbing the dust particles of the area where the garden has been set up. The plants also help in regulating surface temperature. Some of the common indigenous plants that are used for these forests include Anjan, Amala, Bel, Arjun and Gunj.

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Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

What is Uniform Civil Code?

A UCC would provide for one law for the entire country, applicable to all religious communities, in their personal matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption etc.

All Hindus of the country are not governed by one law, nor are all Muslims or all Christians. For instance, in the Northeast, there are more than 200 tribes with their own varied customary laws. The Constitution itself protects local customs in Nagaland. Similar protections are enjoyed by Meghalaya and Mizoram. Even reformed Hindu law, in spite of codification, protects customary practices.

The exception to this rule is the state of Goa, where all religions have a common law regarding marriages, divorces, and adoption.

What does the Constitution say about a UCC?

Article 44 of the Constitution lays down that the state shall endeavour to secure a UCC for citizens throughout the territory of India.

Article 44 is among the Directive Principles of State Policy. Directive Principles are not enforceable by court, but are supposed to inform and guide governance.

“However, in some senses, Article 44 is unique in this manner. While Article 44 uses the words “state shall endeavour”, other Articles in the ‘Directive Principles’ chapter use words such as “in particular strive”; “shall in particular direct its policy”; “shall be obligation of the state” etc. Furthermore, the phrase “by suitable legislation” is absent in Article 44. All this implies that the duty of the state is greater in other directive principles than in Article 44,” Mustafa wrote.

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Solution: c)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Bound rate is the maximum rate of duty (tariff) that can be imposed by the importing country on an imported commodity. Here, each country commits itself to a ceiling on customs duties (tariff) on a certain number of products.

These rates vary from country to country and commodity to commodity. But no country can raise duties above the bound rate it has committed, and the rate of customs duty actually applied may be lower than the bound rate.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) obligates countries not to impose tariffs beyond bound rates.

Article XXI of GATT which allows countries to deviate from their trade obligations on grounds of national security. Specifically, Article XXI(b)(iii) of GATT allows a country to take any action ‘which it considers’ necessary for the protection of its essential security interests taken in time of war or other ‘emergency in international relations’.