[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 15 June 2023

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: Global DPI Summit and Global DPI Exhibition were inaugurated by the Ministry of State in Electronics and IT and MSDE. Also, a meeting of the G20 Digital Economy Working Group (DEWG) is being held in Pune.
• The following statements accurately describe Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI):
• S1: DPI refers to the physical hardware and software infrastructure that supports digital services and connectivity.
• S2: DPI includes systems and platforms that enable secure and reliable digital interactions between citizens, businesses, and the government.
• S4: DPI plays a crucial role in fostering digital inclusion and ensuring equitable access to digital services for all.
• Statements S3 and S5 are not accurate descriptions of DPI. DPI does not primarily focus on providing digital entertainment services, and it is not limited to the development and maintenance of government websites and online portals.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/global-dpi-summit/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: The destruction of the Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine is a fast-moving disaster, developing into a long-term environmental catastrophe (termed as ecocide) and worsening the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict.
• The Dnieper is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the fourth-longest river in Europe, after the Volga, Danube, and Ural rivers.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/use-of-water-as-a-weapon-of-war/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Option C is the correct answer. A circular economy aims to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency by promoting the reuse, recycling, and regeneration of products and materials. It encourages designing products for durability, repairability, and recyclability, as well as establishing closed-loop systems where materials can be continuously cycled back into the economy.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/circular-economy/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• (c) Greenwashing is a marketing strategy used by companies to deceive consumers into believing their products are more eco-friendly than they actually are. This deceptive practice aims to capitalize on the growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly products, often resulting in consumers being misled or misinformed.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/greenwashing/

Ans: (b )

Explanation:

• The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action is an important human rights document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1993. Therefore, statement I is correct. The declaration addresses various human rights issues, including the rights of women, indigenous peoples, and persons with disabilities. Hence, statement II is also correct. However, statement III is incorrect because the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action is not a legally binding document. It serves as a guiding framework for promoting and protecting human rights, but it does not have legally binding obligations for UN member states.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/vienna-declaration-and-programme-of-action/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The IBC was enacted in 2016, replacing a host of laws, to streamline and speed up the resolution process of failed businesses.
• The Code also consolidates provisions of the current legislative framework to form a common forum for debtors and creditors of all classes to resolve insolvency.
• It was established on 1 October 2016 and given statutory powers through the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, which was passed by Lok Sabha on 5 May 2016. It covers Individuals, Companies, Limited Liability Partnerships and Partnership firms. The new code will speed up the resolution process for stressed assets in the country. It attempts to simplify the process of insolvency and bankruptcy proceedings. It handles the cases using two tribunals like NCLT (National company law tribunal) and Debt recovery tribunal.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/ibbi-to-form-common-panel-of-insolvency-professional/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• e-RUPI is basically a digital voucher which a beneficiary gets on his phone in the form of an SMS or QR code. It is a pre-paid voucher, which he/she can go and redeem it at any centre that accepts its.
• For example, if the Government wants to cover a particular treatment of an employee in a specified hospital, it can issue an e-RUPI voucher for the determined amount through a partner bank. The employee will receive an SMS or a QR Code on his feature phone / smart phone.  He/she can go to the specified hospital, avail of the services and pay through the e-RUPI voucher received on his phone.
• Thus e-RUPI is a one time contactless, cashless voucher-based mode of payment that helps users redeem the voucher without a card, digital payments app, or internet banking access.
• How is e-RUPI advantageous to the Consumer ?
  • e-RUPI does not require the beneficiary to have a bank account, a major distinguishing feature as compared to other digital payment forms. It ensures an easy, contactless two-step redemption process that does not require sharing of personal details either.
  • Another advantage is that e-RUPI is operable on basic phones also, and hence it can be used by persons who do not own smart-phones or in places that lack internet connection.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/e-rupi-vouchers/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The poliovirus primarily affects the nervous system, not the respiratory system. It enters the body through the mouth and then travels to the intestine, where it can invade the nervous system.
• Statement 2 is correct. Poliovirus is transmitted through contaminated food and water. It is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, meaning that the virus is present in the feces of an infected person and can contaminate water or food sources, leading to infection in others who consume them.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. There is an effective vaccine available for poliovirus. The polio vaccine has been developed and has been widely used in vaccination campaigns around the world. It has helped to significantly reduce the number of polio cases globally.
• Statement 4 is correct. Poliovirus can indeed lead to paralysis and even death. While the majority of poliovirus infections are asymptomatic or result in mild flu-like symptoms, in some cases, the virus can invade the nervous system and cause paralysis. In severe cases, it can affect the muscles that control breathing, leading to death.
• Statement 5 is incorrect. Poliovirus is not limited to developing countries. It can be found in various parts of the world, although the risk of polio is higher in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/super-engineered-vaccines-created-to-help-end-polio/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: Leptospirosis is a dangerous infectious disease that has become significant worldwide, especially during monsoon season.
• It is caused by the bacterium Leptospira interrogans and is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with the urine of infected animals.
  • The disease is more prevalent in warm, humid countries and is often associated with heavy rainfall or flooding. Leptospirosis can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe organ dysfunction, and it is estimated to affect around 1.03 million people annually, resulting in approximately 60,000 deaths.
  • Leptospirosis is often misdiagnosed due to its symptoms resembling those of dengue, malaria, and hepatitis. Limited access to reliable diagnostics, lack of awareness among physicians, and insufficient environmental surveillance further contribute to inaccurate reporting of cases.
• We still do not have a universal vaccine for leptospirosis.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/leptospirosis/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: According to the first phase 3 trial of the preventive published in The Lancet journal – a single-dose vaccine (VLA1553 vaccine) for chikungunya was found safe and produced a strong immune response against the viral disease.
• Option d : Currently, there are no approved vaccines to prevent Chikungunya.
• The mosquito-borne disease is caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is endemic in some regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
• Chikungunya causes symptoms such as fever, headaches, fatigue, and severe muscle and joint pain and there are no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments available.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/15/one-shot-chikungunya-vaccine/