[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 13 June 2023

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Sedimentary rocks are formed through the compaction and cementation of sediments. This is correct. Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediments, which are loose particles of rock, minerals, and organic matter, are compacted and cemented together.
• Sedimentary rocks are primarily composed of organic materials. This is incorrect. Sedimentary rocks can be composed of organic materials, but they are not primarily composed of organic materials. Sedimentary rocks are most commonly composed of inorganic materials, such as sand, mud, and pebbles.
• Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils. This is correct. Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils, which are the preserved remains of organisms that lived in the past.
• Sedimentary rocks are always formed underwater. This is incorrect. Sedimentary rocks can be formed underwater, but they can also be formed on land. For example, sandstone can be formed when sand dunes are buried.
• Sedimentary rocks are generally classified based on their texture and composition. This is correct. Sedimentary rocks are generally classified based on their texture, which refers to the size and shape of the particles that make up the rock, and their composition, which refers to the types of minerals and organic materials that make up the rock.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/india-has-a-similar-geologic-history-to-parts-of-south-africa-australia/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Option B represents the ethical dilemma between morality and equality. The admissions committee faces a choice between two equally qualified candidates, but each candidate brings different backgrounds and circumstances. The committee must decide whether to prioritize equality by considering the underprivileged candidate’s disadvantaged background and obstacles they have overcome or prioritize morality by assessing the merit and qualifications of both candidates impartially. This dilemma highlights the tension between providing equal opportunities to individuals from different backgrounds and ensuring that selection processes are based on merit and fairness.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/same-sex-marriage-morality-vs-equality/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The HRA was founded by a group of young men who were disillusioned by Gandhi’s tactics and what they felt was zealous preaching of “non-violence.”
• Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan, both of whom had a flair for poetry, were among the group’s founders. Others included Sachindra Nath Bakshi and trade unionist Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee. Figures such as Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh would also join the HRA. Their manifesto released on January 1, 1925, was titled Krantikari (Revolutionary).
• It proclaimed, “The immediate object of the revolutionary party in the domain of politics is to establish a federal Republic of United States of India by an organized and armed revolution.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/ram-prasad-bismil-2/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Statements 2 and 3 are generic; the Kakori conspiracy was organised by the Hindustan Republican Association which itself had the aim of an independent India based on socialist principles.
• Statement1: One of the five tehsils of Alirajpur district, Bhabhrais the birthplace of the famous revolutionary Shri Chandra Shekhar Azad. The name of Bhabhra tehsil has been changed and it is now known as Chandra Shekhar Azad Nagar

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/ram-prasad-bismil-2/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Option D is the correct statement about taurine. Taurine is a naturally occurring amino acid-like compound that is commonly added to energy drinks. It is known for its potential stimulating effects on the central nervous system, which can contribute to the perceived boost in energy levels. Taurine is not an essential amino acid, as the human body can synthesize it from other amino acids. It is primarily found in animal-based foods rather than plant-based foods, making option B incorrect. Taurine does play various roles in the body, but it is not directly involved in the synthesis of proteins and enzymes, making option C incorrect.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/taurine/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Captagon is a highly addictive amphetamine-type drug, which is produced mainly in Syria and widely smuggled across West Asia. Several reports over the years have claimed that sales of the drug, estimated to be worth several billion dollars a year, have profited al-Assad, his associates and his family.
• Captagon is a counterfeit version of medicine with the same brand name that was originally produced in the 1960s to treat attention deficit disorders, narcolepsy, and other conditions.
• The original Captagon contained fenetylline, a synthetic drug belonging to the phenethylamine family, including amphetamine. It was banned in the 1980s due to concerns about its addictive nature.
• Amphetamine-based drugs like Captagon stimulate the central nervous system, providing a boost of energy, increased focus, and a feeling of euphoria. However, they do not confer superhuman abilities. Side effects of these drugs can include loss of appetite, heart problems, high body temperature, memory loss, and addiction.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/captagon-pills-crisis/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Option B accurately describes a nebula. A nebula is a vast cloud of gas and dust in outer space. It is considered a nursery for the formation of stars. Nebulas are often the remnants of supernova explosions or areas where interstellar material is concentrated, leading to the formation of new stars and planetary systems. The dense core of gas and dust within a nebula acts as a gravitational collapse site, triggering the birth of stars through the process of stellar evolution. The other options (A, C, and D) describe different celestial bodies and phenomena, but they do not accurately capture the nature and characteristics of a nebula.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/red-giant-star-betelgeuse/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Option B provides an accurate description of supernovae. Supernovae are massive stellar explosions that occur when a giant star exhausts its nuclear fuel and collapses under its own gravity. The tremendous gravitational forces involved cause the star to implode, resulting in a powerful explosion that releases an enormous amount of energy. Supernovae are among the most energetic events in the universe, and they can briefly outshine an entire galaxy. These explosions lead to the dispersal of heavy elements, such as iron and gold, into space, enriching the surrounding interstellar medium and providing the building blocks for future generations of stars and planetary systems.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/red-giant-star-betelgeuse/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• About Betelgeuse
• It is a red giant star located in the constellation Orion. It is one of the largest and brightest stars visible to the naked eye.
• How have astronomers found the stage of Betelgeuse:
  • Astronomers have suggested the stage of the red giant star Betelgeuse by studying its pulsations. Betelgeuse undergoes periodic expansion and contraction (similar to a boiling pot releasing steam), causing variations in its brightness. By analysing these pulsations, researchers can infer the star’s current state.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/red-giant-star-betelgeuse/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: NASA’s Parker Solar Probe has discovered that “coronal holes” in the sun’s atmosphere are the source of the fast solar wind, released during the rapid realignment of magnetic fields.
• Findings:
  • The probe revealed that coronal holes — darker, cooler regions that open in the sun’s outer atmosphere — are shaped like “showerheads” made up of mostly evenly spaced funnels of material.
  • Magnetic reconnection within funnel structures in coronal holes is responsible for generating the fast solar wind.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/13/red-giant-star-betelgeuse/