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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Times of India , Insights on India
Why the question:
The article reports that the Mayon Volcano in the Philippines has experienced a gentle eruption, spewing lava and prompting authorities to warn thousands of people to be prepared to evacuate.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about volcanic landforms and reasons for frequent eruptions and earthquakes in the rim of the Pacific Ocean.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context about volcano and volcanism.
Body:
First, write about the Pacific Ring of Fire and explaining the reason behind its active state due to which it hosts the largest number of active volcanoes of the world, its association with plate tectonics.
Conclusion:
Conclude by Summarising.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: reuters.com
Why the question:
UN Secretary-General expresses concerns over Russia potentially withdrawing from the Black Sea grain deal by July.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the Black Sea Grain Initiative and its efficacy in preventing escalating food prices.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context about the Black Sea Grain Initiative.
Body:
First, write about the major features of the Black Sea Grain Initiative – to provide for a safe maritime humanitarian corridor for Ukrainian exports, commercial ships are required to register directly with the JCC and its importance.
Next, write about the potential and the shortcomings of the Black Sea Grain Initiative.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Hindustan Times
Why the question:
The article reports that Uttar Pradesh (UP), a state in India, has observed International Child Labour Day and declared 20 districts as child labour-free with the assistance of UNICEF.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about impact of inclusive growth and reduction in absolute poverty in the country.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context regarding in decline in poverty.
Body:
First, write about the emphasis on inclusive growth by the policy makers in the past couple of decades and the steps and measures that were taken in this regard.
Next, write about the successes and limitations of the above-mentioned measures.
Next, write about the further measures that are needed to end poverty.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: wikipedia.org
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse if climate engineering could be a viable option to overcome the climate crisis.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by defining climate engineering.
Body:
You can use a bubble diagram to show the various modes of geo-engineering such as Shoot Mirrors into Space (Solar Sunscreen), Copy a Volcano, Build Fake Trees etc.
In the first part of the body, write about how the above strategies work and will be beneficial for the planet above and over existing mitigation strategies to tide over the climate crisis. Clearly outline as to why it may be needed.
In the next part, mention about the major drawbacks, impediments and concerns regarding the implementation of the above strategies
Conclusion:
Conclude by giving a balanced opinion.
Topic: Disaster and disaster management.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse the natural anthropogenic causes of landslides and to account for their increased risk.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly introduce landslide by defining them. Give examples of some major landslides in the recent past.
Body:
Mention the natural factors behind the causes of landslides in India with a few examples. Mention the areas which are most prone to landslides. Draw a small illustrative map showing the same.
Next bring in the instances of human activity induced landslides. Bring forth the anthropogenic factors responsible for causing Landslides. Substantiate with facts and figures regarding the incidence of landslides. For eg: a 2018 report from Copernicus Publications, which states that 18% of global human-induced landslide casualties occur in India. Mention the stats from recent NCRB report on casualties from Landslides.
Reason as to why the increase in anthropogenic induced landslides is alarming and cause of concern. Give solutions to overcome the same.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: plato.stanford.edu
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In the introduction, given brief of major aspects of Buddhist ethics.
Body:
Explain the detail that Buddhism proposes a way of thinking about ethics based on the assumption that all sentient beings want to avoid pain. Thus, the Buddha teaches that an action is good if it leads to freedom from suffering.
Next, Mention the Do No Harm principle, Compassion, Justice and Accountability etc which the Buddhist philosophy emphasises.
Mention its application in daily life,
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning Buddhist moral claims of compassion and equality can contribute to the thinking of modern educational issues, such as peace education, ecological education
Topic: laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how moral compass leads to describe conscience, our inner sense of right and wrong offers a framework to guide our actions.
Directive:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by describing what you understand by moral compass (conscience) which governs the actions you take in day-to-day life.
Body:
Elaborate on how a moral compass helps people make ethical decisions by helping to determine which actions would help or harm others, society, or the environment. It also helps people see how their actions can have consequences for other people and cultures.
Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Complete the answer by bring out how the moral compass prevents us acting purely from self-interest and helps us live a life of integrity.
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