[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 7 June 2023

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Ashta Pradhan (literally, Modern council of ministers) was a system of ministerial delegation in the Maratha empire. The council is credited with having implemented good governance practices in the Maratha heartland, as well as for the success of the military campaigns against the Mughal Empire.
• Pantpradhan or Peshwa – Prime Minister, general administration of the Empire. Moropant Trimbak Pingle was the first Peshwa appointed by Chhatrapati Shivaji.
• Amatya or Mazumdar – Finance Minister, managing accounts of the Empire. In 1662 Nilo Sondeo was appointed as Mazumdar. In 1674, at the Coronation ceremony, the post Mujumdar was renamed as Amatya and the title was solely bestowed Ramchandra Pant Amatya.

Refer:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/350th-anniversary-celebrations-of-shivaji-maharajs/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Gandhi’s entry into public life began with the ‘Satyagraha’ in Champaran district of Bihar in 1917. He could mobilize the peasants of this district against the exploitation of European indigo planters. In 1918, Gandhiji led a “no tax campaign” at Khera in Gujarat where the peasants were not able to pay the revenue due to famine. But, after the Jalianwala Bagh tragedy, the government expressed no sign of regret but went ahead with more repression. Mahatma Gandhi was shocked and suspended the ‘Satyagraha’ declaring it as a “Himalayan Blunder”. It was because he had asked those people to pursue non-violence who could not afford to be non-violent. The Satyagraha movement failed in attaining its object as the government did not withdraw the Rowlatt Act. However, it was the first experiment of non-violence of Gandhiji in Indian politics.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/130-years-of-gandhis-rail-incident-in-south-africa/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Sabarmati Ashram (also known as Harijan or Satyagraha Ashram) was home to Mahatma Gandhi from 1917 until 1930 and served as one of the main centres of the Indian freedom struggle.
• Sevagram cottage served as the last residence of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhiji left to Delhi from Sevargam Cottage in 1946 and then went to Noakhali. From there he did not return to Sewagram while engaged in his task of communal unity and peace making. He was martyred in Delhi in 1948.
• It was from Sabarmati Ashram that Gandhi led the Dandi march also known as the Salt Satyagraha on 12 March 1930. In recognition of the significant influence that this march had on the Indian independence movement, the Indian government has established the ashram as a national monument.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/130-years-of-gandhis-rail-incident-in-south-africa/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• As per the commission, there should be a constitutional reconstruction in the form of a federal constitution. The provinces should be given full autonomy including law.
• Other major recommendations include:
  • The number of members of provincial legislative council should be increased. Governor- general should have complete power to appoint the members of the cabinet.
  • The governor should have discretionary power to relate to internal security and administrative powers to protect the different communities.
  • The government of India should have complete control over the high court.
  • There were no Indian members in the commission. No universal franchise was proposed and the position of governor-general remained unaffected.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/130-years-of-gandhis-rail-incident-in-south-africa/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Gandhi was so thoroughly persuaded by Rajkumar Shukla, an indigo cultivator from Champaran that he decided to investigate the matter.
• Gandhi’s method of inquiry at Champaran was based on surveys by the volunteers. The respondents who willingly gave statements should sign the papers or give thumb impressions.
• For those unwilling to participate, the reasons must be recorded by the volunteers. The principal volunteers in this survey were mostly lawyers like Babu Rajendra Prasad, Dharnidhar Prasad, Gorakh Prasad, Ramnawami Prasad, Sambhusaran and Anugraha Narain Sinha.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/130-years-of-gandhis-rail-incident-in-south-africa/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The First Round Table Conference (Nov. 12, 1930–Jan. 19, 1931) had representatives from all Indian states and all parties except the Indian National Congress, which was waging a civil disobedience campaign against the government.
• The Second Round Table Conference (September–December 1931) was attended by Mahatma Gandhi as the Congress representative.
• The Third Round Table Conference (Nov. 17–Dec. 24, 1932) was shorter and less important, with neither the Congress nor the British Labour Party attending.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/130-years-of-gandhis-rail-incident-in-south-africa/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: The Bihar government plans to collaborate with the Geological Survey of India (GSI) to gather valuable geological information about magnetite-bearing rocks and ultramafic rocks in the region.
• What are magnetite-bearing rocks?
  • Magnetite-bearing rocks are rocks that contain magnetite, a black, opaque, and magnetic mineral. These rocks often exhibit magnetic anomalies and are known to host valuable minerals such as Chromite, Nickel, Platinum Group of Elements (PGE), and gold. Magnetite is one of the most abundant metal oxides and has various industrial applications. More often, magnetite occurs in its massive form, commonly called ‘lodestone’

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/magnetite-bearing-rocks/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Statement 1: Ultramafic rocks are composed mainly of silicate minerals with a high magnesium and iron content.
• Statement 3: Ultramafic rocks have a low silica content and are rich in minerals such as olivine and pyroxene.
• Statement 4: Ultramafic rocks are formed through the solidification of molten magma deep within the Earth’s mantle.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Ultramafic rocks are not typically associated with continental crust. They are more commonly found in oceanic crust and in the Earth’s mantle.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/magnetite-bearing-rocks/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Phage therapy is a treatment approach that uses bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect and kill specific bacteria. It involves using these viruses to target and destroy bacterial infections, serving as an alternative to antibiotics.
• How do they function?
  • Phages are highly specific in their action, targeting only the specific bacteria they are programmed to attack, which can potentially reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Phage therapy has gained attention as a potential solution for antibiotic-resistant infections and is being explored as a promising avenue in medical research.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/phage-therapy/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S3: Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. It came under Russian rule in 2014.
• S1& S2: About Kosovo and Serbia
  • Kosovo is located between the Mediterranean Sea and mountainous regions of Southeast Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Serbia is a small land-locked country in the Balkan region. It shares borders with Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania and Albania.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/07/kosovo-serbia-conflict/