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General Studies – 1
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about reasons for rise of Industrial revolution in England.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining Industrial Revolution.
Body:
In detail, write about the reasons for rise of Industrial revolution in England – Agricultural changes, Population boom, Economic innovations, new ideas and a scientific viewpoint, Transportation foundations, Natural resources, supportive government and numerous colonies.
Conclusion:
Summarize how all the above factors converged to start the revolution in England.
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how the new-deal and the starting to world war-II ended the great depression.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining The Great Depression.
Body:
First, write about Roosevelt’s New Deal – Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) However, increases in government spending and expansionary effect on the economy., positive effects on consumer and business sentiment.
Next, write about the World War-II role in the recovery of the U.S. economy. Military build-up, expansionary fiscal and monetary policy, widespread conscription beginning in 1942, full employment.
Conclusion:
Summarise the impact of the above two in ending the recession.
Topic: Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article highlights the trend of imposing a dominant cultural narrative and language across states, neglecting regional languages, customs, and traditions.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of preserving and promoting cultural diversity.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the importance of cultural diversity – Advocate for the preservation and promotion of regional languages and customs, Emphasize the need for inclusive policies and cultural exchange and highlight the role of cultural diversity in fostering national unity. Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to improve the representation of women in the judiciary
General Studies – 2
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Live Mint , Indian Express
Why the question:
t’s encouraging to see the positive notes struck by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Nepal counterpart Pushpa Kamal Dahal, also known as Prachanda. The two countries have seen ties strain in recent years, but the visible cordiality between the two leaders suggests a definitive thaw in the proverbial ice.
Key Demand of the question:
To bring out the changing landscape of Indo-Nepal relation in light of recent developments between the two countries and need for rebalancing in their ties.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In brief, give a historical perspective of Indo-Nepal relations.
Body:
Present a timeline that depicts major events between India and Nepal and highlights the controversies around their relations. Elaborate upon the recent boundary issue as well the internal strife being witnessed in Nepal.
Discuss the underlying factors responsible for unchanging perspectives for each other. Bring out their impacts on the relations of the both countries. Discuss ties at different levels between the two – people to people ties, government to government ties, the China factor etc.
Bring out the present picture of the Indo-Nepal ties.
Conclusion:
Mention a way forward to recalibrate the ties and ensure mutual prosperity between the two countries.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Disaster and disaster management.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article discusses the potential consequences of climate change on migration patterns in South Asia.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact of climate change-induced migration and actions needed to mitigate it.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining climate change-induced migration.
Body:
First, write about the consequences of climate change-induced migration – humanitarian crises, social tensions, economic disruptions, and political challenges. Cite statistics and examples to substantiate.
Next, write about the actions that are needed to mitigate the above – International cooperation, adaptation and resilience measures, sustainable development practices, capacity building and support, and climate change mitigation efforts.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: ft.com , Insights on India
Why the question:
A criminal gang with Russian-speaking members has carried out a widespread hack that has compromised the personal data of tens of thousands of employees at major British companies. The hack is expected to extend to the United States, affecting more victims.
Key Demand of the question:
To debate if India should its increase cyberwarfare capabilities to achieve deterrence.
Directive word:
Critically analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining cyber-warfare.
Body:
In the first part, mention the various kinds of cyber weapons – Viruses, phishing, computer worms and malware, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, hacking, spyware or cyber espionage, ransomware and propaganda or disinformation campaigns etc.
Next, argue the impact Cyber warfare can have on our country. Substantiate with examples. Aruge for building cyber armament directly by the state.
Next. Argue on the other side as to unconventional nature of cyber warfare, lack of proper accountability and training etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by passing a judgement on whether or not India should to work towards building cyber warfare deterrents.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: mkgandhi.org
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain about the trusteeship of Mahatma Gandhi and its aim of protecting dignity of beings over materialism.
Directive:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining the core idea of trusteeship philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi.
Body:
Further elaborate the concept of trusteeship with examples from Gandhian times to contemporary times. Gandhi’s economic ideas were part of his general crusade against poverty, exploitation against socio-economic injustice, and deteriorating moral standards.
He wanted to liberate the modern economic philosophy from the quagmire of materialism and bring it to a higher spiritual plane. Human actions were motivated by social objectives of the protection of human rights.
Conclusion:
End the answer by stressing the need and importance of trusteeship in present times.
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