[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 1 June 2023

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Statement IV: The Prime Minister is selected from the party which holds the majority in the Lok Sabha.
• Statement I and II: The Prime Minister is the head of the government and The President is the head of the State in India.
• Statement III: The President is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of States and the Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/is-india-a-parliamentary-democracy/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: Members. From 31 members at its establishment in 1966, ADB has grown to encompass 68 members—of which 49 are from within Asia and the Pacific and 19 outside.
• S2: The headquarters of the Asian Development Bank is located in Manila, Philippines.
• S3: The Asian Development Bank is owned by its member countries, with Japan and the United States being the largest shareholders.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/adb-country-partnership-strategy-for-india-csp-2023-2027/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The correct statement is C) UN Peacekeeping missions can only be authorized by the United Nations Security Council.
• Explanation: UN Peacekeeping missions are authorized by the United Nations Security Council through a resolution. The Security Council is responsible for determining the existence of a threat to international peace and security and deciding on the appropriate action. Once a mission is authorized, member states contribute military, police, and civilian personnel to the mission. These peacekeeping forces are deployed to areas of conflict or post-conflict situations to help maintain peace and security. The role of UN Peacekeeping is primarily to facilitate the implementation of peace agreements, protect civilians, support political processes, promote human rights, and provide security.
• Option A is incorrect because UN Peacekeeping operations involve contributions from member states’ military forces, and it is not solely conducted by the United Nations’ military forces.
• Option B is incorrect because the primary objective of UN Peacekeeping is not to enforce peace by military means. Instead, it aims to support peace processes, provide security, and help countries transition from conflict to peace.
• Option D is incorrect because UN Peacekeeping forces operate on the principles of impartiality and use force only in self-defense and to protect civilians under imminent threat. They do not have a mandate to actively engage in offensive military operations. The use of force requires specific authorization and is limited to situations where the mission’s mandate allows for it.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/75-years-of-un-peacekeeping-forces-2/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Context: India has recently turned a net exporter of toys (in 2020-21 and 2021-22), ending decades of import dominance
• Statement A is incorrect. While international toy manufacturers do have a presence in the Indian toy market, the industry is not primarily dominated by them. There are many local manufacturers and brands that contribute to the Indian toy industry.
• Statement B is correct. The Indian toy industry has experienced substantial growth in recent years. With a rising middle-class population, increased disposable income, and changing consumer preferences, the demand for toys has been on the rise. This growth has led to the emergence of new players and innovative toy designs.
• Statement C is incorrect. The Indian government has taken several initiatives to promote the growth of the toy industry. It has introduced schemes like the “Toyathon” and “Toycathon” to encourage innovation and support local manufacturers. These initiatives aim to boost the domestic toy industry and make it globally competitive.
• Statement D is incorrect. The Indian toy industry is not solely focused on traditional toys. While traditional toys do have a significant market share, there has been a shift towards modern and innovative toys as well. Many Indian toy manufacturers are embracing technology and incorporating educational and interactive elements into their products.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/indian-toy-industry/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Purana Qila is the oldest fort in Delhi, located on the banks of the Yamuna River. It is believed to have been built by the Pandavas for their kingdom Indraprastha.
• Mughal Influence Renovated by Emperor Humayun in 1533, it took five years to complete.
• Dinpanah The fort was constructed within Dinpanah, a small city in Delhi.
• Sher Shah Suri’s Reign Sher Shah Suri captured the fort in 1540 and made several additions, naming it Shergarh.
• Gateways Bara Darwaza (The only gate still in use, facing west); Humayun Darwaza; Talaqi Darwaza (also known as the Forbidden Gate, it is the third gate of the fort.)
• Structures Qila-i-Kuhna Mosque (Built by Sher Shah Suri in 1541, featuring five doorways with pointed arches); Sher Mandal (An octagonal building made of red sandstone, initiated by Babur and completed by Humayun. Used as an observatory and library)

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/delhis-purana-qila-old-fort/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: The International Energy Agency has released the World Energy Investment Report 2023
• The IEA is an inter-governmental organization (HQ: Paris) that ensures the security of oil supplies and promotes energy cooperation among member countries
• Established in 1974 to ensure the security of oil supplies (in the wake of the oil crisis of 1973-1974); It is within the OECD framework

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/world-energy-investment-report-2023/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium, which means it has a thin peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall. This classification is important because Gram-negative bacteria often have an outer membrane that acts as an additional barrier, making them more resistant to certain antibiotics.
• While Acinetobacter baumannii can cause various infections, including respiratory, bloodstream, and wound infections, it is not commonly associated with urinary tract infections (option B). The most common site of infection is the respiratory tract, particularly in hospitalized patients.
• Acinetobacter baumannii is known for its ability to develop resistance to antibiotics. It possesses intrinsic resistance mechanisms and can also acquire resistance genes from other bacteria. This bacterium has shown resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, including carbapenems, which are often considered the last resort for treating multidrug-resistant infections. Therefore, option C is correct.
• Although Acinetobacter baumannii can survive on dry surfaces for prolonged periods, it is not primarily transmitted through airborne droplets (option D). The most common modes of transmission are direct contact with contaminated surfaces or equipment, as well as person-to-person transmission through healthcare workers or contaminated hands.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/abaucin/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: This statement is true. Graphene is indeed a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Its unique structure gives it extraordinary properties.
• S2: This statement is true. Graphene possesses exceptional electrical conductivity due to the high mobility of its charge carriers. It is highly regarded as a potential material for advanced electronic devices, such as transistors and high-speed integrated circuits.
• S3: This statement is false. Graphene is not a metal oxide; it is composed purely of carbon atoms. It does not have a high melting point and is not commonly used in aerospace applications.
• S4: This statement is true. Graphene is transparent and flexible, which makes it well-suited for applications in transparent electrodes, touchscreens, and flexible displays. Its transparency and flexibility make it a versatile material in the field of optoelectronics.
• S5: This statement is false. Graphene does not exhibit strong diamagnetism. It actually shows weak diamagnetic properties, which means it is slightly repelled by magnetic fields. It is not widely used in magnetic storage devices.
• Overall, the correct statements are S1, S2, and S4 as they accurately describe the properties and applications of graphene.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/graphene-2/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• S1: Permanent magnets can lose their magnetism over time: This statement is false. Permanent magnets are called “permanent” because they can retain their magnetism for a long time, usually over a lifetime, without significant loss. They are made from materials with high coercivity, which allows them to maintain their magnetization.
• S2: Permanent magnets are made from materials with high magnetic permeability: This statement is false. Permanent magnets are typically made from materials with high remanence, which refers to the ability to retain magnetization in the absence of an external magnetic field. Magnetic permeability, on the other hand, refers to the material’s ability to respond to an applied magnetic field.
• S3: Permanent magnets have a north and south pole: This statement is true. Permanent magnets exhibit a magnetic field with distinct north and south poles. Like poles repel each other, while opposite poles attract each other.
• S4: Permanent magnets can be demagnetized by heating them to high temperatures: This statement is true. High temperatures can disrupt the alignment of magnetic domains in the magnet material, causing the magnet to lose its magnetization and become demagnetized. This phenomenon is known as the Curie temperature, which varies depending on the material.
• S5: Permanent magnets can only attract ferromagnetic materials: This statement is false. Permanent magnets can attract not only ferromagnetic materials (such as iron, cobalt, and nickel) but also paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials. Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted to a magnetic field, while diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled.

Refer:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/indias-first-rare-earth-permanent-magnets-plant/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• A team of researchers recently discovered that a diet low in flavanols – a type of nutrient found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and beverages such as tea, cocoa, or wine – plays a fundamental role in driving age-related memory loss.
• These findings suggest that the ageing brain requires specific nutrients for optimal health in a similar way that the developing brain needs specific nutrients for proper development.
• About Flavanols:
  • Flavanols are a type of flavonoid, a class of compounds with antioxidant effects. Flavonoids are a diverse group of phytonutrients (plant chemicals) found in almost all fruits and vegetables. They are known for their health benefits, which are often attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/06/01/flavanols/