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General Studies – 1
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the various causes of American civil war.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of American Civil war between northern states and southern states.
Body:
First, write major various factors that caused the outbreak of American civil war – Political, Economic and Social causes.
Next, examine whether the civil war was primarily a power conflict between the states or was fought for the issue of slavery? Give examples to substantiate your points.
Conclusion:
Pass a judgement regarding the primary cause of civil war.
Topic: Role of women and women’s organization
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
The article highlights the 25-year journey of Kudumbashree, a women’s collective in Kerala, India, and its interventions to empower women and combat poverty.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the role of Kudumbashree in women empowerment.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving aims and objectives of Kudumbashree.
Body:
Write about the role of Kudumbashree in women empowerment – economic empowerment through entrepreneurship and income-generating activities, providing microfinance and credit support, offering livelihood opportunities, and focusing on skill development and capacity building, fosters social empowerment, encourages women’s participation in governance, and contributes to poverty eradication efforts. Cite examples and statistics to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Times on India , The Hindu
Why the question:
The article highlights that the Indian government has made adjustments to leave rules to encourage pre-adoption foster care. The policy change aims to provide prospective adoptive parents with the flexibility to take leave during the foster care period before formal adoption.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the issues in adoption of children in India and the need to have a child centric adoption policy.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In brief, give a scenario of adoption in India.
Body:
In the first part, write about various laws and rules that govern the adoption process in the country.
Next, mention the various issues in the adoption policies in the country – issues with CARA, informal adoption, delays, lack of emphasis on child welfare etc.
Mention the changes that are required to the adoption policy in India. Include the recommendations of the Parliamentary panel on the same.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has issued its annual update on its projections for temperature trends in the next decade. The prognosis, expectedly, is worrying.
Key Demand of the question: .
To write about the key findings from the World Meteorological Organization’s report, analyzing the consequences of rising temperatures, and suggesting measures for mitigation and sustainability.
Directive Word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the major observations of World Meteorological Organization’s report on temperature trends.
Next, write about how the major implications from the above consequences and threats they pose.
Next, write about the measures that are needed to overcome the same.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article discusses how India’s drug regulatory regime can enhance credibility for the country’s pharmaceutical industry.
Key Demand of the question:
To have a good understanding of the strengths and weaknesses in the pharmaceutical industry and to suggest adequate measures to address the issues.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by highlighting the extent of pharmaceutical industry in India.
Body:
First, mention the potential of pharma industry – India is the largest provider of generic drugs globally. Indian pharmaceutical sector supplies over 50% of global demand for various vaccines, 40% of generic demand in the US and 25% of all medicine in the UK. Globally, India ranks 3rd in terms of pharmaceutical production by volume and 14th by value.
Next, write about the limitations.
Next, give a point by point analysis of major areas of reforms needed such as revising the age old The New Drugs, Cosmetics and Medical Devices Act, need to bring in a regulatory structure in the context of e pharmacy and teleconsultations, better clarity in the issue of Licenses as per Drugs and Cosmetics Act (DCA) of 1940 etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by saying that India should focus on a comprehensive, clear and concise regulatory structure meeting the needs of the new age pharmaceutical industry.
Topic: challenges of corruption.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how corruption enables less efficient to move ahead at the cost of more efficient and overall impact of corruption on the society.
Directive:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context of corruption as a shortcut for success.
Body:
Write about the various ways in which less efficient people use corruption as means to go ahead of more deserving and more efficient people in the society using unfair and nefarious ways. Substantiate with examples.
Next, write about the ways in which the above can be avoided.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and nonpartisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about rich philanthropic culture of India.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context.
Body:
Write about the Philanthropy in India – from business houses to individuals – trace the journey of great philanthropes of India since independence and right up to the COVID-19 and the PM cares fund.
Highlight the significance of the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
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