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General Studies – 1
Topic: urbanization, their problems and their remedies
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
The fire outbreaks at Brahmapuram dumpsite in Kochi, Kerala have caught national attention.
Key Demand of the question:
To write issues with respect increased dumping of wastes in landfills and remedies for better waste management.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give a statistic about increasing municipal solid waste with the increasing rate of urbanisation.
Body:
First, write the problems associated with waste management in India at landfills: Leaching of chemicals, spread of diseases, release of poisonous and toxic gages, fires, serious health and environmental hazards to the people etc.
Next, suggest strategies to deal with solid waste so that it may prove a resource instead of waste.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
The article discusses the recent meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and highlights the growing role of China in the region, which poses a challenge for India.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the how India can use SCO for promoting its interests in the region.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about aims and objectives of SCO.
Body:
In the first part, write about the various disagreements withing the SCO – India-China, Russia-China, Impact of Ukraine war, lack of consensus etc
Next, Highlight the importance of SCO for India – focus on the advantages that India can gain in bilateral relations and in the larger Eurasian region.
Next, write the measures that need to be taken by India to further its interests.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article discusses whether India should consider phasing out nuclear power as a source of energy.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about potential and limitations of nuclear energy in India and benefits of transitioning to other renewable sources.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with prospects of nuclear energy in general.
Body:
First, write about the potential of nuclear energy in India and India’s progress so far with respect to it as well its role in energy security of India.
Next, write about risks associated with nuclear energy and highlight with examples why we shouldn’t depend completely on nuclear. Cite examples to substantiate.
Next, write about the benefits of transitioning to renewable energy sources.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article discusses the evolution of the internet, and how it is transforming into the “third-gen web,” which focuses on public good
Key Demand of the question:
To write about third-gen web and its applications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining third-gen web.
Body:
Firstly, write about how third-gen web is different from its previous versions.
Next, write about the technologies utilised by third-gen web – including blockchain, artificial intelligence, and big data.
Next, write about the applications of third-gen web – education, healthcare, and other services etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
The article argues that in order to mitigate the effects of the climate crisis, massive capital investment is needed in new technologies such as renewable energy, energy storage, carbon capture, and sustainable transportation.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the strategies against climate change and understanding of key role of climate finance.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
Mention about Climate financing and mechanisms of it such as the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), both managed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF).
Next, write about significance of climate finance in tackling climate change.
Next, mention the various impediments in developing countries accessing climate finance.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand the various roles and responsibilities of a leader and the importance of ethics in their work domain
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining what is leadership along with few traits of a good leader.
Body:
Highlight the need for an ethical leader in the present context of rising scams and blind race against mere monetary gains of businesses. Give few examples highlighting cases of leadership with and without ethics and its impact on the organisation as well as the society.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the above points highlighting the need for ethical leadership
Topic: dimensions of ethics;
Difficulty level: Tough
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the nature of moral norms.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by explaining moral norms.
Body:
First, explain as to how moral norms are aspirational and prescriptive – contains ideals, principles and policies which are sensitive to positive outcomes, action-based, and focused on what we should do.
Next, explain as to how moral norms are functional and descriptive – people’s beliefs about as values, which actions are right and wrong, and which characteristics of moral agents are virtuous.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced opinion regarding moral norms.
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