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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Relative humidity is a simple concept as weather phenomena go – but it has significant, far-reaching consequences for how we must take care of ourselves on a hot or wet day.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about relative humidity, wet-bulb temperature, and its role in making buildings and cities heatwave resilient.
Directive word:
Elucidate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining relative humidity.
Body:
In the first part of the body, write about the significance – Relative humidity and wet-bulb temperature and their role in designing heat wave resilient buildings – crucial factors in predicting and mitigating the impact of heatwaves on human health and well-being, as well as on energy efficiency and sustainability.
In the next part, write about the significance of the above with suitable examples from across the world.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing about measures that must be taken to tackle heatwaves in India.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
The article discusses the issue of pending bills and the role of governors in the legislative process. The author argues that governors in some Indian states have been delaying or refusing to give their assent to bills passed by the state legislature, thereby impeding the legislative process.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about role of governor in giving/withholding assent to bills passed by state legislature and measures needed to resolve them.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context about gubernatorial inaction and article 200.
Body:
First, write in detail about the various options with the Governor with respect to a bill passed by the state legislature.
Next, write about the drawbacks on indefinitely sitting on the bill (pocket veto) and issues arising from such action.
Next, write about the possible solutions to the above issue.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Centre’s ambitious Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP) which aims to develop infrastructure and open up villages to tourists along the China border will be integrated with the Prime Minister Gati Shakti mega project.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the significance of integration of VVP with Gati Shakti Yojana.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving aims and objectives of Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP).
Body:
In the first part, write about the Major features of VVP and Gati Shakti Project. Write about the significance of their convergence – improve logistics and transportation infrastructure g more effectively, enhance monitoring efforts, and enable better coordination among various government departments and agencies involved in the development of border areas.
Next, write about its impact on border areas – provide better infrastructure and essential services to remote and underdeveloped regions etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced opinion.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
Two years after the French energy company Electricite de France (EDF) submitted its techno-commercial offer for the construction of six nuclear power reactors in Maharashtra’s Jaitapur, talks between Indian and French officials over several issues, including liability, have not resulted in any breakthrough yet.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the features of CLND act, 2010 and its criticisms.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about aims and objectives of CLND act, 2010.
Body:
First, write about the major provisions of CLND act – suppliers liable for damages caused by a nuclear incident. It features a strict liability clause, channelling of liability claims through the operator, and a maximum liability cap of Rs. 1,500 crores etc.
Next, write about the major criticisms it has faced – low cap on liability, the burden placed on operators, and the liability of foreign suppliers etc.
Next, write about the various measures that are needed to address the criticism.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
The Manamadurai pottery recently earned a Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about GI tag and its benefits.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining a GI tag.
Body:
In the first part, in brief, write about the various aspects that are considered before according a GI tag.
Next. write about the benefits offered by the GI tag – legal protection to traditional products and their producers, preserves traditional knowledge and skills, creates market differentiation, and leads to increased demand and better prices for traditional products etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Philosophical basis of governance and probity
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the attributes of ethical governance.
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining ethical governance.
Body:
Write about the various attributes of ethical governance – ethical behaviours, processes, procedures, culture, ways of doing and being that ensure high standards of performance, economy, effectiveness, efficiency, quality and satisfaction etc. Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about importance of compassion in self-growth and ways to cultivate the attitude of giving.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining compassion.
Body:
First, write about the advantages of the practising compassion in our daily lives. Substantive with examples.
Next, write about the way in which one can develop the attitude of giving and be a compassionate towards others.
Conclusion:
Conclude the answer by summarising.
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