DAY – 41 (InstaTest-41): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2023: Topic – MODERN INDIA, Subject-wise Test – 3,4,19, Text Book based Test – 25 ,1st April – 15th April 2023 CA

Solution: C

Brahmo Samaj

Rammohun Roy established the Brahmo Samaj at Calcutta in 1828 in order to purify Hinduism and to preach monotheism. The Samaj under him was based on the twin pillars of reason and the ancient Hindu scriptures (only the Vedas and the Upanishads), and incorporated the best teachings of other religions as well.

Solution: D

Dharma Sabha

Radhakant Deb founded this sabha in 1830. An orthodox society, it stood for the preservation of the status quo in socio-religious matters, opposing even the abolition of sati. However, it favoured the promotion of Western education, even for girls.

MANAV DHARMA SABHA

Durgaram Manchharam (1809–78) was a leading figure among the small group of educated Gujaratis who in the 1830s became strong critics of contemporary society. Participants in this group were Dadoba Panderung, Dinmani Shankar, Dalpatram Bhagubai, and Damodar Das. They founded the Manav Dharma Sabha at Surat in 1844 and held meetings every Sunday that were open to anyone who wished to attend.

As part of its programme, the Manav Dharma Sabha challenged magicians and the reciters of incantations to demonstrate their skills. They also criticized caste, but took no direct action against this institution. The Manav Dharma Sabha had only a short career as an active organisation.

Solution: A

Ramakrishna Mission and Ramakrishna Math

The former is a social service and charitable society formed by Swami Vivekananda in 1897 at Belur, with the objective of carrying on humanitarian relief and social work through the establishment of schools, colleges, hospitals, orphanages, etc.

The latter is a religious order or trust founded by Vivekananda in 1887 at Baranagar (Belur has become the headquarters of both the Mission and the Math since 1898), with the objective of bringing into existence a band of dedicated monks who would propagate the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (the universal message of Vedanta). Statement 2 is incorrect because, it is the role of Ramakrishna Math and not Ramakrishna Mission.

Though legally two district entities with separate funds and finances, the Mission and the Math are in practice single body, with the members of the Math forming the principal workers of the Mission and the trustees of the Math forming the governing body of the Mission.

Solution: C

N.M. Joshi

Initially a member of Gokhale’s Servants of India Society, he founded the Social Service League at Bombay in 1911 with the aim of securing for the masses better and reasonable conditions of life and work. He also founded the All India Trade Union Congress in 1920 at Bombay, but left it in 1929 when it showed leaning towards the Soviet Union, and started the Indian Trades Union Federation.

Solution: B

Aligarh Movement

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded in 1875 a modern school at Aligarh, which soon developed into the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (1877) and later into a full fledged university. And in 1866, he founded the Muhammadan Educational Conference as a general forum for spreading liberal ideas among the Muslims.

Deoband Movement

It was the movement that began after the foundation of the Dar-ul-Ulum (name of the institution) at Deoband in 1866 by Maulana Husain Ahmab and others with the aim of resuscitating classical Islam and improving the spiritual and moral conditions of the Muslims. The liberal interpretation of Islam by its founders created political awakening among its followers, and some of them like Maulana Abul Kalam Azad played an important role in the national movement.

Solution: B

Nirankaris

Baba Dayal Das (1783–1855) was the founder of this movement of purification and return.

Namdharis

Baba Ram Singh (1816–85) was the founder of this movement.

In 1857, Ram Singh formally inaugurated the Namdhari movement with a set of rituals modelled after Guru Gobind Singh’s founding of the Khalsa. To initiate followers into the new community, Ram Singh used a recitation of gurbani (hymns from the Granth Sahib), ardas (the Sikh prayer), a flag, and baptism. Every baptised Sikh was required to wear the five symbols (kakka). Instead of the sword, Ram Singh required them to keep a lathi. In addition the Namdharis wore white clothes with a white turban and carried a rosary to further set them apart from all others.

Solution: A

British Social Policy & Reform Measures

Human Sacrifice and Female Infanticide

• Female infanticide was banned by Bengal Regulation (XXI) of 1795.
• Problem of human sacrifice was supressed by Wellesley.

Suppression of Thuggee

• Bentinck set up a special department under Sleeman in 1835.
• During 1831-37 more than 3000 Thugs were convicted.

Aboliltion of Sati

• In 1803 Wellesley proposed to abolish it, but failed.
• In 1829, sati was declared illegal by Bentinck.

Emancipation of Women

• Government was persuaded by Vidyasagar to pass Hindu Widows Remarriage Act of 1856.

• Age of Consent Act (1891) by Lansdowne fixing 12 yrs for girls as consummation age & Child Marriage Restraint or Sharda Act (1929) by Irwin fixing marriageable age as 14 yrs for girls.

Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929: Popularly known as the Sharda Act after its sponsor Rai Sahib Harbilas Sharda to the British India Legislature, it was passed on 28 September 1929, fixing the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years. It came into effect six months later on 1 April, 1930 and it applies to all of British India, not just to Hindus. It was a result of social reform movement in India. The legislation was passed by the British Indian Government.

Solution: A

Deccan Riots (1875)

Excessive land revenue demand of the British facilitating exploitation of peasants by moneylenders was responsible for the uprising in the Deccan. Social boycott of moneylenders by the peasants was later transformated into armed peasant revolt in the Poona and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. The peasants forcibly seized from the moneylender’s debt bonds, decrees and other documents, and set them on fire. When the police failed to suppress the riots, army help was sought to put down the riots. It was the appointment of a commission and the enactment of the Deccan Agriculturists’ Relief Act of 1879 which prohibited the imprisonment of the peasants of the Maharashtra Deccan for failure to repay debts to the moneylenders.

Solution: C

Khaira Satyagraha (1918) Its course was as follows: failure of crops due to drought in the Khaira district of Gujarat; refusal of the government to exempt the peasants from the payment of land revenue; launching of a no-revenue campaign by the Khaira peasants under the leadership of Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel; suspension of the land-revenue collection for the time being by the government.

Solution: D

First Factory Commission and Act Due to the growing menace of all the evils of factory system, the first Factory Commission was appointed in Bombay in 1875 and the first Factory Act was passed in 1881. The main provisions of the act were as follows: No child below 7 years of age should be employed; those between 7 and 12 were to work for only 9 hours a day; they were not to operate any dangerous machinery or be employed in two different factories on the same day. Four holidays a month and a break of an hour during working hours were provided for.

The term factory was defined as ‘any premises (other than indigo, tea, coffee plantations) wherein work was carried on for not less than four months in any year by any process utilising mechanical or steam power and wherein not less than 100 persons were employed.’

Second Factory Act The second Factory Act (1891) which was passed on the recommendations of the second factory commission was another great disappointment, because it provided only a few improvements like a weekly holiday, fixation of working hours for only women and children, but the hours of work for men were still left unregulated.

Solution: C

The Madras Labour Union was the first trade union of modern type in India. Its president Mr. B.P. Wadia, an active member of Home Rule Movement took pains to develop it.

In 1920, the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was organised at Bombay by N.M. Joshi and others and 64 trade unions with a total membership of about 1,40,000 were affiliated to it. Its first session (1920) was presided over by Lala Lajpat Rai. While the interests of workers of different industries were looked after by the concerned unions, the AITUC looked after the interests of labour in general.

Solution: B

Justice Movement It was an intermediate caste movement launched in Madras around 1915-16 by C.N. Mudaliar, T.M. Nair and P. Tyagaraja Chetti on behalf of intermediate castes (like Tamil Vellalas, Mudaliars and Chettiars; Telugu Reddis, Kammas and Baliza Naidus; and Malayali Nair’s) and against Brahmin predominance in education, government service and politics.

They founded a new political party, known as the ‘Justice Party’ which exhibited its loyalty to the British government in the hope of getting more government jobs and representation in the new legislatures.

Self-respect Movement It was a populist and radical movement founded in 1925 in Tamil Nadu by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker popularly known as ‘Periyar’, against the Brahmin domination. It advocated weddings without Brahmin priests, forcible temple entry, burning of the Manu Smriti and outright atheism at times. Periyar founded a Tamil journal, Kudi Arasa, in 1924 in order to propagate his ideas.

Solution: D

Dr B.R. Ambedkar

he established the Depressed Classes Institute (‘Bahishkrit Hitkarnini Sabha’) in Bombay for the moral and material progress of untouchables. In 1927, he started a Marathi fortnightly, Bahishkrit Bharat and in November 1930, a weekly, the Janata. Another institution that Ambedkar founded, in 1927, was the Samaj Samata Sangh, its objective being to propagate the gospel of social equality among untouchables and caste Hindus. In 1927 Ambedkar launched a satyagraha to assert the right of untouchables to draw water from a public tank at Malad, in Kolaba district. In 1930 he led another satyagraha to claim his community’s right to enter the famous temple of Kalaram at Nasik.

He founded the Independent Labour Party in 1936 which captured all the scheduled caste seats in Bombay presidency in the 1936-37 general elections. Later, in 1942, he organised the All India Scheduled Castes Federation as a political party. To promote the interests of his community he established the Peoples Education Society in July 1945.

Solution: B

• Sarla Devi Chaudhurani convened the first meeting of the Bharat Stree Mahamandal in Allahabad. Considered as the first major Indian women’s organisation set up by a woman, its objectives included promotion of education for women, abolition of the purdah system and improvement in the socio-economic and political status of woman all over India.
• Ramabai Ranade founded the Ladies Social Conference (Bharat Mahila Parishad), under the parent organization National Social Conference, in 1904 in Bombay.
• Pandita Ramabai Saraswati founded the Arya Mahila Samaj to serve the cause of women.
• In 1925, the National Council of Women in India, a national branch of the International Council of Women, was formed. Mehribai Tata played a vital role in its formation and advancement.

• The All India Women’s Conference (AIWC), founded by Margaret Cousins in 1927, was perhaps the first women’s organisation with an egalitarian approach.

Solution: B

• Kol Uprisings by the Kols of Chottanagpur led by Buddho Bhagat (1831); against expansion of British rule on their lands and transfer of their lands to outsiders; the revolt was suppressed.
• Kondh uprisings led by Chakra Bisnoi (1837-56 and later in 1914; hilly region extending from Tamil Nadu to Bengal; in Orissa in 1914); against interference in tribal customs and imposition of new taxes.
• Tana Bhagat Movements among the Mundas and Oraon tribes led by Jatra Bhagat, Balram Bhagat who preached that God’s benevolent delegate would arrive to free the tribals (1914-1915; Chottanagpur); against interference of outsiders; began as Sanskritisation movement.

Ho and Munda Uprisings

• by Ho tribals by led of Raja Parahat (1827; Singhbhum and Chottanagpur); against occupation of Singhbhum by British.
• by Ho tribals and the Mundas (1831); against the newly introduced farming revenue policy.
• by the Mundas led by Birsa Munda (1899-1900; south of Ranchi); Birsa was captured and imprisoned.
• the Ulgulan uprising, supported by Birsa Munda (1860-1920); against introduction of feudal, zamindari tenures and exploitation by moneylenders and forest contractors.

Solution: D

Ken Betwa Link Project (KBLP):

• The Ken-Betwa Link Project (KBLP) is the River interlinking project that aims to transfer surplus water from the Ken river in MP to Betwa in UP to irrigate the drought-prone Bundelkhand region.
  • The region spread across the districts of two states mainly Jhansi, Banda, Lalitpur and Mahoba districts of UP and Tikamgarh, Panna and Chhatarpur districts of MP.

Ken and Betwa Rivers

• Ken and Betwa rivers originate in MP and are the tributaries of Yamuna.
• Ken meets with Yamuna in Banda district of UP and with Betwa in Hamirpur district of UP.
• Rajghat, Paricha and Matatila dams are over Betwa river.
• Ken River passes through Panna tiger reserve.

The Ken-Betwa river interlinking project will lead to the submergence of a major portion of the core area of the Panna Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh.

Solution: B

About Gangetic River dolphin

Gangetic Dolphin is India’s national aquatic animal. It has been listed as Schedule I animal under Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. It has been declared “endangered” by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Gangetic Dolphin is one among four freshwater dolphin species across world. Other three freshwater dolphins are found in Yangtze River in China (they have extinct now), Indus River in Pakistan and Amazon River in South America. It is blind and finds its way & prey in river waters through echolocation. They prefer water at least five to eight feet deep and are usually found in turbulent waters, where they can find enough fish for them.

The Indus river dolphin (Platanista minor) is restricted to the Indus system, including the Sutlej, Ravi and Beas rivers, and the Gangetic river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) to the Ganga-Brahmaputra systems.

Marine and estuarine dolphins such as the Indian Ocean humpback dolphin and Irrawaddy dolphin, concentrated in Odisha’s Chilika lake, swim off our coasts too. They’re not very well-known. Hence, both statement 1 and 4 are incorrect.

Solution: D

All the above statements are correct.

Emergency use listing

• The WHO Emergency Use Listing Procedure (EUL) is a risk-based procedure for assessing and listing unlicensed vaccines, therapeutics and in vitro diagnostics with the ultimate aim of expediting the availability of these products to people affected by a public health emergency.
• This will assist interested UN procurement agencies and Member States in determining the acceptability of using specific products, based on an essential set of available quality, safety, and efficacy and performance data.
• The procedure is a key tool for companies wishing to submit their products for use during health emergencies.

Eligibility of candidate products

The EUL concerns three product streams (vaccines, therapeutics and in vitro diagnostics), each of which has specific requirements for products to be eligible for evaluation under the EUL procedure.

Solution: B

Radio Waves

• The radio spectrum (also known as Radio Frequency or RF) is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Radio waves have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum. These were discovered by Heinrich Hertz in the late 1880s.
• RF bands spread in the range between 30 kHz and 300 GHz (alternative point of view offers coverage 3 KHz – 300 GHz)
• To prevent interference between different users, the generation and transmission of radio frequency bands are strictly regulated by national laws, coordinated by an international body, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

 Microwaves

Microwave ovens are an interesting domestic application of these waves. In such ovens, the frequency of the microwaves is selected to match the resonant frequency of water molecules so that energy from the waves is transferred efficiently to the kinetic energy of the molecules. This raises the temperature of any food containing water. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: A

Krishna River System

• The Krishna is the second-largest east-flowing river of the Peninsula.
• Krishna river rises at Mahabaleshwar at an altitude of I336 m near the Jor village in the extreme north of district Satara, Maharashtra in the west, and meets the Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh, on the east coast.

Tributaries of Krishna River

• Right bank: Venna, Koyna, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha and Tungabhadra are the major right-bank tributaries
• Left Bank: Bhima, Dindi, Peddavagu, Halia, Musi, Paleru, and Munneru are the major left-bank tributaries

Solution: D

Salt water crocodiles are found in coastal areas of Odisha, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.

They have the broadest distribution of any modern crocodile, ranging from the eastern coast of India, throughout most of Southeast Asia, and northern Australia. They are apex predators and least Concern in IUCN Red List. Hence Statement 3 is correct.

Solution: D

All the statements given above are correct.

The Indian roofed turtle is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. It can be distinguished by the distinct “roof” at the topmost part of the shell. It is found in the major rivers of South Asia. It is found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan.

In India, it is found in Ganges, Brahmaputra and Indus River drainages. The protected areas in Jalpaiguri, West Bengal is known for protecting this species.

It is listed on Appendix I of CITES and as Least Concern in the IUCN list.

Solution: A

About the UN Global Compact

We are a voluntary initiative based on CEO commitments to implement universal sustainability principles and to take steps to support UN goals.

Participation in the UN Global Compact is open to any company that is serious about its commitment to work towards implementation of the UN Global Compact principles throughout its operations and sphere of influence, and to communicate on its progress.

Solution: C

The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) in India is released by the Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.

It is a monthly index that measures the growth of various sectors in the Indian economy, including manufacturing, mining, and electricity. The IIP is an important indicator of the performance of the industrial sector in India and is closely watched by policymakers, economists, and investors.

IIP is published by Central Statistics office (CSO).

Solution: C

The Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project is an initiative of the Indian Government to provide safeguards to the Asiatic lion from extinction in the wild by means of reintroduction. The last wild population of the Asiatic lion is found in the region of Gir Forest National Park, in the state of Gujarat.

Asiatic lions tend to be smaller than their African cousins. Adult males typically weigh between 350 and 420 pounds, while adult females weigh between 240 and 365 pounds. The largest Asiatic lion on record measured 9½ feet from the tip of its nose to the tip of its tail. African lions are larger than Asiatic lions.

Answer: (c)

Justification:

Answer: (d)

Justification:

Correct Option: A

Series Pattern                            Given Series

7                                                          7                            ✓

7 × 3 – 5 = 16                                    16                          ✓

16 × 5 – 7 = 73                                    73                           ✓

73 × 7 – 11 = 500                             500                        ✓

500 × 11 – 13 = 5487                        5488                      ✕

5487 × 13 – 17 = 71314                  71314                      ✓

Therefore, there must be 5487 in place 5488.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

According to the passage, weak global economic prospects and continuing uncertainties in the international markets as well as sovereign risk concerns, particular by in the Euro area have had their impact on the emerging market economies.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation:

The Indian financial markets are affected by global changes mainly due to the Growing global linkages and integration of the Indian financial markets.